Event‐Related Spectral Perturbation, Inter Trial Coherence, and Functional Connectivity in motor execution: A comparative EEG study of old and young subjects

INTRODUCTION: The motor‐related bioelectric brain activity of healthy young and old subjects was studied to understand the effect of aging on motor execution. A visually cued finger tapping movement paradigm and high‐density EEG were used to examine the time and frequency characteristics. METHODS: Twenty‐two young and 22 healthy elderly adults participated in the study. Repeated trials of left and right index finger movements were recorded with a 128‐channel EEG. Event‐Related Spectral Perturbation (ERSP), Inter Trial Coherence (ITC), and Functional Connectivity were computed and compared between the age groups. RESULTS: An age‐dependent theta and alpha band ERSP decrease was observed over the frontal–midline area. Decrease of beta band ERSP was found over the ipsilateral central–parietal regions. Significant ITC differences were found in the delta and theta bands between old and young subjects over the contralateral parietal–occipital areas. The spatial extent of increased ITC values was larger in old subjects. The movement execution of older subjects showed higher global efficiency in the delta and theta bands, and higher local efficiency and node strengths in the delta, theta, alpha, and beta bands. CONCLUSION: As functional compensation of aging, elderly motor networks involve more nonmotor, parietal–occipital, and frontal areas, with higher global and local efficiency, node strength. ERSP and ITC changes seem to be sensitive and complementary biomarkers of age‐related motor execution.