Protective properties of Spondias mombin Linn leaves on redox status, cholinergic dysfunction and electrolyte disturbance in cyanide-intoxicated rats

Cyanide is an environmental neurotoxin which has been reported to arrest the normal functioning of the brain. This study investigated the protective properties of methanol and flavonoid-rich extracts of the leaves of Spondias mombin on redox status, cholinergic dysfunction and electrolyte disturbance in cyanide-induced neurotoxicity in rats. Male Wistar rats were orally pre-treated with Spondias mombin methanol leaf extract (SMC) (50, 100 and 150 mg/kg), flavonoid-rich extract (SMF) (25, 50 and 75 mg/kg) or quercetin (20 mg/kg), followed by intraperitoneal administration of 2 mg/kg potassium cyanide. Cyanide intoxication caused brain damage in rats as echoed in the deleterious alterations to activities/levels of endogenous antioxidants and biomarkers/enzymes linked with electrolyte imbalance and neurotoxicity. Pre-treatment with SMC and SMF significantly attenuated these KCN-induced imbalances (p < 0.05). The results suggested that the protection conferred by SMC and SMF probably involves attenuation of oxidative stress and regulation of ionic homeostasis. SMF displayed a better apparent ameliorative activity than SMC and 75 mg/kg SMF offered the best protection suggesting that flavonoids probably contributed to the protective effect of Spondias mombin leaf.