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Virus Infection and mRNA Nuclear Export

Gene expression in eukaryotes begins with transcription in the nucleus, followed by the synthesis of messenger RNA (mRNA), which is then exported to the cytoplasm for its translation into proteins. Along with transcription and translation, mRNA export through the nuclear pore complex (NPC) is an ess...

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Autores principales: Guo, Jiayin, Zhu, Yaru, Ma, Xiaoya, Shang, Guijun, Liu, Bo, Zhang, Ke
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10454920/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37628773
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms241612593
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author Guo, Jiayin
Zhu, Yaru
Ma, Xiaoya
Shang, Guijun
Liu, Bo
Zhang, Ke
author_facet Guo, Jiayin
Zhu, Yaru
Ma, Xiaoya
Shang, Guijun
Liu, Bo
Zhang, Ke
author_sort Guo, Jiayin
collection PubMed
description Gene expression in eukaryotes begins with transcription in the nucleus, followed by the synthesis of messenger RNA (mRNA), which is then exported to the cytoplasm for its translation into proteins. Along with transcription and translation, mRNA export through the nuclear pore complex (NPC) is an essential regulatory step in eukaryotic gene expression. Multiple factors regulate mRNA export and hence gene expression. Interestingly, proteins from certain types of viruses interact with these factors in infected cells, and such an interaction interferes with the mRNA export of the host cell in favor of viral RNA export. Thus, these viruses hijack the host mRNA nuclear export mechanism, leading to a reduction in host gene expression and the downregulation of immune/antiviral responses. On the other hand, the viral mRNAs successfully evade the host surveillance system and are efficiently exported from the nucleus to the cytoplasm for translation, which enables the continuation of the virus life cycle. Here, we present this review to summarize the mechanisms by which viruses suppress host mRNA nuclear export during infection, as well as the key strategies that viruses use to facilitate their mRNA nuclear export. These studies have revealed new potential antivirals that may be used to inhibit viral mRNA transport and enhance host mRNA nuclear export, thereby promoting host gene expression and immune responses.
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spelling pubmed-104549202023-08-26 Virus Infection and mRNA Nuclear Export Guo, Jiayin Zhu, Yaru Ma, Xiaoya Shang, Guijun Liu, Bo Zhang, Ke Int J Mol Sci Review Gene expression in eukaryotes begins with transcription in the nucleus, followed by the synthesis of messenger RNA (mRNA), which is then exported to the cytoplasm for its translation into proteins. Along with transcription and translation, mRNA export through the nuclear pore complex (NPC) is an essential regulatory step in eukaryotic gene expression. Multiple factors regulate mRNA export and hence gene expression. Interestingly, proteins from certain types of viruses interact with these factors in infected cells, and such an interaction interferes with the mRNA export of the host cell in favor of viral RNA export. Thus, these viruses hijack the host mRNA nuclear export mechanism, leading to a reduction in host gene expression and the downregulation of immune/antiviral responses. On the other hand, the viral mRNAs successfully evade the host surveillance system and are efficiently exported from the nucleus to the cytoplasm for translation, which enables the continuation of the virus life cycle. Here, we present this review to summarize the mechanisms by which viruses suppress host mRNA nuclear export during infection, as well as the key strategies that viruses use to facilitate their mRNA nuclear export. These studies have revealed new potential antivirals that may be used to inhibit viral mRNA transport and enhance host mRNA nuclear export, thereby promoting host gene expression and immune responses. MDPI 2023-08-09 /pmc/articles/PMC10454920/ /pubmed/37628773 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms241612593 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Guo, Jiayin
Zhu, Yaru
Ma, Xiaoya
Shang, Guijun
Liu, Bo
Zhang, Ke
Virus Infection and mRNA Nuclear Export
title Virus Infection and mRNA Nuclear Export
title_full Virus Infection and mRNA Nuclear Export
title_fullStr Virus Infection and mRNA Nuclear Export
title_full_unstemmed Virus Infection and mRNA Nuclear Export
title_short Virus Infection and mRNA Nuclear Export
title_sort virus infection and mrna nuclear export
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10454920/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37628773
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms241612593
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