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Changes in Iron Status Biomarkers with Advancing Age According to Sex and Menopause: A Population-Based Study
Background: The risk of chronic diseases increases markedly with age and after menopause. An increase in bodily iron following menopause could contribute to this phenomenon of increased risk of chronic diseases. We aimed to investigate how various iron biomarkers change with advancing age, according...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2023
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10455248/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37629382 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm12165338 |
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author | Merlo, Francesco Groothof, Dion Khatami, Farnaz Ahanchi, Noushin Sadat Wehrli, Faina Bakker, Stephan J. L. Eisenga, Michele F. Muka, Taulant |
author_facet | Merlo, Francesco Groothof, Dion Khatami, Farnaz Ahanchi, Noushin Sadat Wehrli, Faina Bakker, Stephan J. L. Eisenga, Michele F. Muka, Taulant |
author_sort | Merlo, Francesco |
collection | PubMed |
description | Background: The risk of chronic diseases increases markedly with age and after menopause. An increase in bodily iron following menopause could contribute to this phenomenon of increased risk of chronic diseases. We aimed to investigate how various iron biomarkers change with advancing age, according to sex and menopausal status. Methods: We enrolled community-dwelling individuals with available information on ferritin, transferrin, iron, hepcidin, and soluble transferrin receptor levels from the Prevention of Renal and Vascular Endstage Disease study. The association of the iron biomarkers with age, sex, and menopausal status was investigated with linear regression models. Results: Mean (SD) age of the 5222 individuals (2680 women [51.3%], among whom 907 [33.8%] were premenopausal, 529 [19.7%] perimenopausal, and 785 [29.3%] postmenopausal), was 53.4 (12.0) years. Iron biomarkers showed a constant increase in women throughout their life course, in some cases at older ages surpassing values in men who, in turn, showed consistently higher levels of iron status compared to women in most age categories. Ferritin, hepcidin, and transferrin saturation levels were 3.03, 2.92, and 1.08-fold (all p < 0.001) higher in postmenopausal women compared to premenopausal. Conclusions: We found that iron accumulates differently depending on sex, age, and menopausal status. An increased iron status was identified in women, especially during and after menopause. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-10455248 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-104552482023-08-26 Changes in Iron Status Biomarkers with Advancing Age According to Sex and Menopause: A Population-Based Study Merlo, Francesco Groothof, Dion Khatami, Farnaz Ahanchi, Noushin Sadat Wehrli, Faina Bakker, Stephan J. L. Eisenga, Michele F. Muka, Taulant J Clin Med Article Background: The risk of chronic diseases increases markedly with age and after menopause. An increase in bodily iron following menopause could contribute to this phenomenon of increased risk of chronic diseases. We aimed to investigate how various iron biomarkers change with advancing age, according to sex and menopausal status. Methods: We enrolled community-dwelling individuals with available information on ferritin, transferrin, iron, hepcidin, and soluble transferrin receptor levels from the Prevention of Renal and Vascular Endstage Disease study. The association of the iron biomarkers with age, sex, and menopausal status was investigated with linear regression models. Results: Mean (SD) age of the 5222 individuals (2680 women [51.3%], among whom 907 [33.8%] were premenopausal, 529 [19.7%] perimenopausal, and 785 [29.3%] postmenopausal), was 53.4 (12.0) years. Iron biomarkers showed a constant increase in women throughout their life course, in some cases at older ages surpassing values in men who, in turn, showed consistently higher levels of iron status compared to women in most age categories. Ferritin, hepcidin, and transferrin saturation levels were 3.03, 2.92, and 1.08-fold (all p < 0.001) higher in postmenopausal women compared to premenopausal. Conclusions: We found that iron accumulates differently depending on sex, age, and menopausal status. An increased iron status was identified in women, especially during and after menopause. MDPI 2023-08-16 /pmc/articles/PMC10455248/ /pubmed/37629382 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm12165338 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Merlo, Francesco Groothof, Dion Khatami, Farnaz Ahanchi, Noushin Sadat Wehrli, Faina Bakker, Stephan J. L. Eisenga, Michele F. Muka, Taulant Changes in Iron Status Biomarkers with Advancing Age According to Sex and Menopause: A Population-Based Study |
title | Changes in Iron Status Biomarkers with Advancing Age According to Sex and Menopause: A Population-Based Study |
title_full | Changes in Iron Status Biomarkers with Advancing Age According to Sex and Menopause: A Population-Based Study |
title_fullStr | Changes in Iron Status Biomarkers with Advancing Age According to Sex and Menopause: A Population-Based Study |
title_full_unstemmed | Changes in Iron Status Biomarkers with Advancing Age According to Sex and Menopause: A Population-Based Study |
title_short | Changes in Iron Status Biomarkers with Advancing Age According to Sex and Menopause: A Population-Based Study |
title_sort | changes in iron status biomarkers with advancing age according to sex and menopause: a population-based study |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10455248/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37629382 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm12165338 |
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