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Mechanical and Functional Improvement of β-TCP Scaffolds for Use in Bone Tissue Engineering
Autologous bone transplantation is still considered as the gold standard therapeutic option for bone defect repair. The alternative tissue engineering approaches have to combine good hardiness of biomaterials whilst allowing good stem cell functionality. To become more useful for load-bearing applic...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2023
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10455746/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37623671 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jfb14080427 |
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author | Umrath, Felix Schmitt, Lukas-Frank Kliesch, Sophie-Maria Schille, Christine Geis-Gerstorfer, Jürgen Gurewitsch, Elina Bahrini, Kathleen Peters, Fabian Reinert, Siegmar Alexander, Dorothea |
author_facet | Umrath, Felix Schmitt, Lukas-Frank Kliesch, Sophie-Maria Schille, Christine Geis-Gerstorfer, Jürgen Gurewitsch, Elina Bahrini, Kathleen Peters, Fabian Reinert, Siegmar Alexander, Dorothea |
author_sort | Umrath, Felix |
collection | PubMed |
description | Autologous bone transplantation is still considered as the gold standard therapeutic option for bone defect repair. The alternative tissue engineering approaches have to combine good hardiness of biomaterials whilst allowing good stem cell functionality. To become more useful for load-bearing applications, mechanical properties of calcium phosphate materials have to be improved. In the present study, we aimed to reduce the brittleness of β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP). For this purpose, we used three polymers (PDL-02, -02a, -04) for coatings and compared resulting mechanical and degradation properties as well as their impact on seeded periosteal stem cells. Mechanical properties of coated and uncoated β-TCP scaffolds were analyzed. In addition, degradation kinetics analyses of the polymers employed and of the polymer-coated scaffolds were performed. For bioactivity assessment, the scaffolds were seeded with jaw periosteal cells (JPCs) and cultured under untreated and osteogenic conditions. JPC adhesion/proliferation, gene and protein expression by immunofluorescent staining of embedded scaffolds were analyzed. Raman spectroscopy measurements gave an insight into material properties and cell mineralization. PDL-coated β-TCP scaffolds showed a significantly higher flexural strength in comparison to that of uncoated scaffolds. Degradation kinetics showed considerable differences in pH and electrical conductivity of the three different polymer types, while the core material β-TCP was able to stabilize pH and conductivity. Material differences seemed to have an impact on JPC proliferation and differentiation potential, as reflected by the expression of osteogenic marker genes. A homogenous cell colonialization of coated and uncoated scaffolds was detected. Most interesting from a bone engineer’s point of view, the PDL-04 coating enabled detection of cell matrix mineralization by Raman spectroscopy. This was not feasible with uncoated scaffolds, due to intercalating effects of the β-TCP material and the JPC-formed calcium phosphate. In conclusion, the use of PDL-04 coating improved the mechanical properties of the β-TCP scaffold and promoted cell adhesion and osteogenic differentiation, whilst allowing detection of cell mineralization within the ceramic core material. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-10455746 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-104557462023-08-26 Mechanical and Functional Improvement of β-TCP Scaffolds for Use in Bone Tissue Engineering Umrath, Felix Schmitt, Lukas-Frank Kliesch, Sophie-Maria Schille, Christine Geis-Gerstorfer, Jürgen Gurewitsch, Elina Bahrini, Kathleen Peters, Fabian Reinert, Siegmar Alexander, Dorothea J Funct Biomater Article Autologous bone transplantation is still considered as the gold standard therapeutic option for bone defect repair. The alternative tissue engineering approaches have to combine good hardiness of biomaterials whilst allowing good stem cell functionality. To become more useful for load-bearing applications, mechanical properties of calcium phosphate materials have to be improved. In the present study, we aimed to reduce the brittleness of β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP). For this purpose, we used three polymers (PDL-02, -02a, -04) for coatings and compared resulting mechanical and degradation properties as well as their impact on seeded periosteal stem cells. Mechanical properties of coated and uncoated β-TCP scaffolds were analyzed. In addition, degradation kinetics analyses of the polymers employed and of the polymer-coated scaffolds were performed. For bioactivity assessment, the scaffolds were seeded with jaw periosteal cells (JPCs) and cultured under untreated and osteogenic conditions. JPC adhesion/proliferation, gene and protein expression by immunofluorescent staining of embedded scaffolds were analyzed. Raman spectroscopy measurements gave an insight into material properties and cell mineralization. PDL-coated β-TCP scaffolds showed a significantly higher flexural strength in comparison to that of uncoated scaffolds. Degradation kinetics showed considerable differences in pH and electrical conductivity of the three different polymer types, while the core material β-TCP was able to stabilize pH and conductivity. Material differences seemed to have an impact on JPC proliferation and differentiation potential, as reflected by the expression of osteogenic marker genes. A homogenous cell colonialization of coated and uncoated scaffolds was detected. Most interesting from a bone engineer’s point of view, the PDL-04 coating enabled detection of cell matrix mineralization by Raman spectroscopy. This was not feasible with uncoated scaffolds, due to intercalating effects of the β-TCP material and the JPC-formed calcium phosphate. In conclusion, the use of PDL-04 coating improved the mechanical properties of the β-TCP scaffold and promoted cell adhesion and osteogenic differentiation, whilst allowing detection of cell mineralization within the ceramic core material. MDPI 2023-08-16 /pmc/articles/PMC10455746/ /pubmed/37623671 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jfb14080427 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Umrath, Felix Schmitt, Lukas-Frank Kliesch, Sophie-Maria Schille, Christine Geis-Gerstorfer, Jürgen Gurewitsch, Elina Bahrini, Kathleen Peters, Fabian Reinert, Siegmar Alexander, Dorothea Mechanical and Functional Improvement of β-TCP Scaffolds for Use in Bone Tissue Engineering |
title | Mechanical and Functional Improvement of β-TCP Scaffolds for Use in Bone Tissue Engineering |
title_full | Mechanical and Functional Improvement of β-TCP Scaffolds for Use in Bone Tissue Engineering |
title_fullStr | Mechanical and Functional Improvement of β-TCP Scaffolds for Use in Bone Tissue Engineering |
title_full_unstemmed | Mechanical and Functional Improvement of β-TCP Scaffolds for Use in Bone Tissue Engineering |
title_short | Mechanical and Functional Improvement of β-TCP Scaffolds for Use in Bone Tissue Engineering |
title_sort | mechanical and functional improvement of β-tcp scaffolds for use in bone tissue engineering |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10455746/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37623671 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jfb14080427 |
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