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New Treatment Horizons in Uveal and Cutaneous Melanoma

Melanoma is a complex and heterogeneous malignant tumor with distinct genetic characteristics and therapeutic challenges in both cutaneous melanoma (CM) and uveal melanoma (UM). This review explores the underlying molecular features and genetic alterations in these melanoma subtypes, highlighting th...

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Autores principales: Brănişteanu, Daciana Elena, Porumb-Andrese, Elena, Porumb, Vlad, Stărică, Alexandra, Moraru, Andreea Dana, Nicolescu, Alin Codruț, Zemba, Mihail, Brănişteanu, Cătălina Ioana, Brănişteanu, George, Brănişteanu, Daniel Constantin
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10455832/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37629523
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life13081666
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author Brănişteanu, Daciana Elena
Porumb-Andrese, Elena
Porumb, Vlad
Stărică, Alexandra
Moraru, Andreea Dana
Nicolescu, Alin Codruț
Zemba, Mihail
Brănişteanu, Cătălina Ioana
Brănişteanu, George
Brănişteanu, Daniel Constantin
author_facet Brănişteanu, Daciana Elena
Porumb-Andrese, Elena
Porumb, Vlad
Stărică, Alexandra
Moraru, Andreea Dana
Nicolescu, Alin Codruț
Zemba, Mihail
Brănişteanu, Cătălina Ioana
Brănişteanu, George
Brănişteanu, Daniel Constantin
author_sort Brănişteanu, Daciana Elena
collection PubMed
description Melanoma is a complex and heterogeneous malignant tumor with distinct genetic characteristics and therapeutic challenges in both cutaneous melanoma (CM) and uveal melanoma (UM). This review explores the underlying molecular features and genetic alterations in these melanoma subtypes, highlighting the importance of employing specific model systems tailored to their unique profiles for the development of targeted therapies. Over the past decade, significant progress has been made in unraveling the molecular and genetic characteristics of CM and UM, leading to notable advancements in treatment options. Genetic mutations in the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway drive CM, while UM is characterized by mutations in genes like GNAQ, GNA11, BAP1, EIF1AX, and SF3B1. Chromosomal aberrations, including monosomy 3 in UM and monosomy 10 in CM, play significant roles in tumorigenesis. Immune cell infiltration differs between CM and UM, impacting prognosis. Therapeutic advancements targeting these genetic alterations, including oncolytic viruses and immunotherapies, have shown promise in preclinical and clinical studies. Oncolytic viruses selectively infect malignant cells, inducing oncolysis and activating antitumor immune responses. Talimogene laherparepvec (T-VEC) is an FDA-approved oncolytic virus for CM treatment, and other oncolytic viruses, such as coxsackieviruses and HF-10, are being investigated. Furthermore, combining oncolytic viruses with immunotherapies, such as CAR-T cell therapy, holds great potential. Understanding the intrinsic molecular features of melanoma and their role in shaping novel therapeutic approaches provides insights into targeted interventions and paves the way for more effective treatments for CM and UM.
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spelling pubmed-104558322023-08-26 New Treatment Horizons in Uveal and Cutaneous Melanoma Brănişteanu, Daciana Elena Porumb-Andrese, Elena Porumb, Vlad Stărică, Alexandra Moraru, Andreea Dana Nicolescu, Alin Codruț Zemba, Mihail Brănişteanu, Cătălina Ioana Brănişteanu, George Brănişteanu, Daniel Constantin Life (Basel) Review Melanoma is a complex and heterogeneous malignant tumor with distinct genetic characteristics and therapeutic challenges in both cutaneous melanoma (CM) and uveal melanoma (UM). This review explores the underlying molecular features and genetic alterations in these melanoma subtypes, highlighting the importance of employing specific model systems tailored to their unique profiles for the development of targeted therapies. Over the past decade, significant progress has been made in unraveling the molecular and genetic characteristics of CM and UM, leading to notable advancements in treatment options. Genetic mutations in the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway drive CM, while UM is characterized by mutations in genes like GNAQ, GNA11, BAP1, EIF1AX, and SF3B1. Chromosomal aberrations, including monosomy 3 in UM and monosomy 10 in CM, play significant roles in tumorigenesis. Immune cell infiltration differs between CM and UM, impacting prognosis. Therapeutic advancements targeting these genetic alterations, including oncolytic viruses and immunotherapies, have shown promise in preclinical and clinical studies. Oncolytic viruses selectively infect malignant cells, inducing oncolysis and activating antitumor immune responses. Talimogene laherparepvec (T-VEC) is an FDA-approved oncolytic virus for CM treatment, and other oncolytic viruses, such as coxsackieviruses and HF-10, are being investigated. Furthermore, combining oncolytic viruses with immunotherapies, such as CAR-T cell therapy, holds great potential. Understanding the intrinsic molecular features of melanoma and their role in shaping novel therapeutic approaches provides insights into targeted interventions and paves the way for more effective treatments for CM and UM. MDPI 2023-07-31 /pmc/articles/PMC10455832/ /pubmed/37629523 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life13081666 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Brănişteanu, Daciana Elena
Porumb-Andrese, Elena
Porumb, Vlad
Stărică, Alexandra
Moraru, Andreea Dana
Nicolescu, Alin Codruț
Zemba, Mihail
Brănişteanu, Cătălina Ioana
Brănişteanu, George
Brănişteanu, Daniel Constantin
New Treatment Horizons in Uveal and Cutaneous Melanoma
title New Treatment Horizons in Uveal and Cutaneous Melanoma
title_full New Treatment Horizons in Uveal and Cutaneous Melanoma
title_fullStr New Treatment Horizons in Uveal and Cutaneous Melanoma
title_full_unstemmed New Treatment Horizons in Uveal and Cutaneous Melanoma
title_short New Treatment Horizons in Uveal and Cutaneous Melanoma
title_sort new treatment horizons in uveal and cutaneous melanoma
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10455832/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37629523
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life13081666
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