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The Influence of Phenol on the Growth, Morphology and Cell Division of Euglena gracilis

Phenol, a monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbon with various commercial uses, is a major pollutant in industrial wastewater. Euglena gracilis is a unicellular freshwater flagellate possessing secondary chloroplasts of green algal origin. This protist has been widely used for monitoring the biological effe...

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Autores principales: Lukáčová, Alexandra, Lihanová, Diana, Beck, Terézia, Alberty, Roman, Vešelényiová, Dominika, Krajčovič, Juraj, Vesteg, Matej
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10455851/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37629591
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life13081734
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author Lukáčová, Alexandra
Lihanová, Diana
Beck, Terézia
Alberty, Roman
Vešelényiová, Dominika
Krajčovič, Juraj
Vesteg, Matej
author_facet Lukáčová, Alexandra
Lihanová, Diana
Beck, Terézia
Alberty, Roman
Vešelényiová, Dominika
Krajčovič, Juraj
Vesteg, Matej
author_sort Lukáčová, Alexandra
collection PubMed
description Phenol, a monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbon with various commercial uses, is a major pollutant in industrial wastewater. Euglena gracilis is a unicellular freshwater flagellate possessing secondary chloroplasts of green algal origin. This protist has been widely used for monitoring the biological effect of various inorganic and organic environmental pollutants, including aromatic hydrocarbons. In this study, we evaluate the influence of different phenol concentrations (3.39 mM, 3.81 mM, 4.23 mM, 4.65 mM, 5.07 mM, 5.49 mM and 5.91 mM) on the growth, morphology and cell division of E. gracilis. The cell count continually decreases (p < 0.05–0.001) over time with increasing phenol concentration. While phenol treatment does not induce bleaching (permanent loss of photosynthesis), the morphological changes caused by phenol include the formation of spherical (p < 0.01–0.001), hypertrophied (p < 0.05) and monster cells (p < 0.01) and lipofuscin bodies. Phenol also induces an atypical form of cell division of E. gracilis, simultaneously producing more than 2 (3–12) viable cells from a single cell. Such atypically dividing cells have a symmetric “star”-like shape. The percentage of atypically dividing cells increases (p < 0.05) with increasing phenol concentration. Our findings suggest that E. gracilis can be used as bioindicator of phenol contamination in freshwater habitats and wastewater.
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spelling pubmed-104558512023-08-26 The Influence of Phenol on the Growth, Morphology and Cell Division of Euglena gracilis Lukáčová, Alexandra Lihanová, Diana Beck, Terézia Alberty, Roman Vešelényiová, Dominika Krajčovič, Juraj Vesteg, Matej Life (Basel) Article Phenol, a monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbon with various commercial uses, is a major pollutant in industrial wastewater. Euglena gracilis is a unicellular freshwater flagellate possessing secondary chloroplasts of green algal origin. This protist has been widely used for monitoring the biological effect of various inorganic and organic environmental pollutants, including aromatic hydrocarbons. In this study, we evaluate the influence of different phenol concentrations (3.39 mM, 3.81 mM, 4.23 mM, 4.65 mM, 5.07 mM, 5.49 mM and 5.91 mM) on the growth, morphology and cell division of E. gracilis. The cell count continually decreases (p < 0.05–0.001) over time with increasing phenol concentration. While phenol treatment does not induce bleaching (permanent loss of photosynthesis), the morphological changes caused by phenol include the formation of spherical (p < 0.01–0.001), hypertrophied (p < 0.05) and monster cells (p < 0.01) and lipofuscin bodies. Phenol also induces an atypical form of cell division of E. gracilis, simultaneously producing more than 2 (3–12) viable cells from a single cell. Such atypically dividing cells have a symmetric “star”-like shape. The percentage of atypically dividing cells increases (p < 0.05) with increasing phenol concentration. Our findings suggest that E. gracilis can be used as bioindicator of phenol contamination in freshwater habitats and wastewater. MDPI 2023-08-12 /pmc/articles/PMC10455851/ /pubmed/37629591 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life13081734 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Lukáčová, Alexandra
Lihanová, Diana
Beck, Terézia
Alberty, Roman
Vešelényiová, Dominika
Krajčovič, Juraj
Vesteg, Matej
The Influence of Phenol on the Growth, Morphology and Cell Division of Euglena gracilis
title The Influence of Phenol on the Growth, Morphology and Cell Division of Euglena gracilis
title_full The Influence of Phenol on the Growth, Morphology and Cell Division of Euglena gracilis
title_fullStr The Influence of Phenol on the Growth, Morphology and Cell Division of Euglena gracilis
title_full_unstemmed The Influence of Phenol on the Growth, Morphology and Cell Division of Euglena gracilis
title_short The Influence of Phenol on the Growth, Morphology and Cell Division of Euglena gracilis
title_sort influence of phenol on the growth, morphology and cell division of euglena gracilis
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10455851/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37629591
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life13081734
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