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The Course and Variation of the Facial Vein in the Face—Known and Unknown Facts: An Anatomical Study
Background and Objectives: The facial vein is the main collector of venous blood from the face. It plays an important role in physiological as well as pathological context. However, to date, only limited data on the course and tributaries of the facial vein are present in contemporary literature. Th...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2023
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10456631/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37629769 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina59081479 |
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author | Siwetz, Martin Widni-Pajank, Hannes Hammer, Niels Pilsl, Ulrike Bruneder, Simon Wree, Andreas Antipova, Veronica |
author_facet | Siwetz, Martin Widni-Pajank, Hannes Hammer, Niels Pilsl, Ulrike Bruneder, Simon Wree, Andreas Antipova, Veronica |
author_sort | Siwetz, Martin |
collection | PubMed |
description | Background and Objectives: The facial vein is the main collector of venous blood from the face. It plays an important role in physiological as well as pathological context. However, to date, only limited data on the course and tributaries of the facial vein are present in contemporary literature. The aim of this study was to provide detail on the course and the tributaries of the facial vein. Materials and Methods: In 96 sides of 53 body donors, latex was injected into the facial vein. Dissection was carried out and the facial vein and its tributaries (angular vein, ophthalmic vein, nasal veins, labial veins, palpebral veins, buccal and masseteric veins) were assessed. Results: The facial vein presented a textbook-like course in all cases and crossed the margin of the mandible anterior to the masseter in 6.8% of cases, while being located deep to the zygomaticus major muscle in all cases and deep to the zygomaticus minor in 94.6% of cases. Conclusions: This work offers detailed information on the course of the facial vein in relation to neighboring structures, which shows a relatively consistent pattern, as well as on its tributaries, which show a high variability. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-10456631 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-104566312023-08-26 The Course and Variation of the Facial Vein in the Face—Known and Unknown Facts: An Anatomical Study Siwetz, Martin Widni-Pajank, Hannes Hammer, Niels Pilsl, Ulrike Bruneder, Simon Wree, Andreas Antipova, Veronica Medicina (Kaunas) Article Background and Objectives: The facial vein is the main collector of venous blood from the face. It plays an important role in physiological as well as pathological context. However, to date, only limited data on the course and tributaries of the facial vein are present in contemporary literature. The aim of this study was to provide detail on the course and the tributaries of the facial vein. Materials and Methods: In 96 sides of 53 body donors, latex was injected into the facial vein. Dissection was carried out and the facial vein and its tributaries (angular vein, ophthalmic vein, nasal veins, labial veins, palpebral veins, buccal and masseteric veins) were assessed. Results: The facial vein presented a textbook-like course in all cases and crossed the margin of the mandible anterior to the masseter in 6.8% of cases, while being located deep to the zygomaticus major muscle in all cases and deep to the zygomaticus minor in 94.6% of cases. Conclusions: This work offers detailed information on the course of the facial vein in relation to neighboring structures, which shows a relatively consistent pattern, as well as on its tributaries, which show a high variability. MDPI 2023-08-17 /pmc/articles/PMC10456631/ /pubmed/37629769 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina59081479 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Siwetz, Martin Widni-Pajank, Hannes Hammer, Niels Pilsl, Ulrike Bruneder, Simon Wree, Andreas Antipova, Veronica The Course and Variation of the Facial Vein in the Face—Known and Unknown Facts: An Anatomical Study |
title | The Course and Variation of the Facial Vein in the Face—Known and Unknown Facts: An Anatomical Study |
title_full | The Course and Variation of the Facial Vein in the Face—Known and Unknown Facts: An Anatomical Study |
title_fullStr | The Course and Variation of the Facial Vein in the Face—Known and Unknown Facts: An Anatomical Study |
title_full_unstemmed | The Course and Variation of the Facial Vein in the Face—Known and Unknown Facts: An Anatomical Study |
title_short | The Course and Variation of the Facial Vein in the Face—Known and Unknown Facts: An Anatomical Study |
title_sort | course and variation of the facial vein in the face—known and unknown facts: an anatomical study |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10456631/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37629769 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina59081479 |
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