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A Review on the Analysis of Thermal and Thermodynamic Aspects of Grain Refinement of Aluminum-Silicon-Based Alloys
The present analysis addresses the solidification and thermodynamic parameters involved during the solidification of aluminum (Al)-based alloys as presented in the literature using different systems viz., binary aluminum-boron (Al-B) and aluminum-titanium (Al-Ti) systems, ternary aluminum-titanium-b...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2023
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10456725/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37629930 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16165639 |
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author | Samuel, Ehab Samuel, Agnes M. Songmene, Victor Samuel, Fawzy H. |
author_facet | Samuel, Ehab Samuel, Agnes M. Songmene, Victor Samuel, Fawzy H. |
author_sort | Samuel, Ehab |
collection | PubMed |
description | The present analysis addresses the solidification and thermodynamic parameters involved during the solidification of aluminum (Al)-based alloys as presented in the literature using different systems viz., binary aluminum-boron (Al-B) and aluminum-titanium (Al-Ti) systems, ternary aluminum-titanium-boron (Al-Ti-B) and aluminum-titanium-carbon (Al-Ti-C) systems, as well as taking into consideration the silicon-titanium-aluminide (Si-TiAl(3)) interaction in Al-based alloys containing Si. The analysis is supported by recent metallographic evidence obtained by the authors on A356.2 alloys. The sections on thermodynamic aspects cover the different models proposed concerning nucleation and growth on a newly formed Al grain. The value of the recalescence parameter reduces gradually with the increase in the Ti added. At a level of 0.20 wt%, this parameter becomes zero. If the concentration of grain refiner exceeds a certain amount, the grain size becomes minimal. Another parameter to be considered is the interaction between the grain refiner and traces of other metals in the base alloy. For example, Al-4%B can react with traces of Ti that may exist in the base alloy, leading to the reaction between boron and titanium to form titanium diboride (TiB(2)). Grain refinement is achieved primarily with TiB(2) rather than aluminum diboride (AlB(2)), or both, depending on the Ti content in the given alloy. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-10456725 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-104567252023-08-26 A Review on the Analysis of Thermal and Thermodynamic Aspects of Grain Refinement of Aluminum-Silicon-Based Alloys Samuel, Ehab Samuel, Agnes M. Songmene, Victor Samuel, Fawzy H. Materials (Basel) Review The present analysis addresses the solidification and thermodynamic parameters involved during the solidification of aluminum (Al)-based alloys as presented in the literature using different systems viz., binary aluminum-boron (Al-B) and aluminum-titanium (Al-Ti) systems, ternary aluminum-titanium-boron (Al-Ti-B) and aluminum-titanium-carbon (Al-Ti-C) systems, as well as taking into consideration the silicon-titanium-aluminide (Si-TiAl(3)) interaction in Al-based alloys containing Si. The analysis is supported by recent metallographic evidence obtained by the authors on A356.2 alloys. The sections on thermodynamic aspects cover the different models proposed concerning nucleation and growth on a newly formed Al grain. The value of the recalescence parameter reduces gradually with the increase in the Ti added. At a level of 0.20 wt%, this parameter becomes zero. If the concentration of grain refiner exceeds a certain amount, the grain size becomes minimal. Another parameter to be considered is the interaction between the grain refiner and traces of other metals in the base alloy. For example, Al-4%B can react with traces of Ti that may exist in the base alloy, leading to the reaction between boron and titanium to form titanium diboride (TiB(2)). Grain refinement is achieved primarily with TiB(2) rather than aluminum diboride (AlB(2)), or both, depending on the Ti content in the given alloy. MDPI 2023-08-15 /pmc/articles/PMC10456725/ /pubmed/37629930 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16165639 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Samuel, Ehab Samuel, Agnes M. Songmene, Victor Samuel, Fawzy H. A Review on the Analysis of Thermal and Thermodynamic Aspects of Grain Refinement of Aluminum-Silicon-Based Alloys |
title | A Review on the Analysis of Thermal and Thermodynamic Aspects of Grain Refinement of Aluminum-Silicon-Based Alloys |
title_full | A Review on the Analysis of Thermal and Thermodynamic Aspects of Grain Refinement of Aluminum-Silicon-Based Alloys |
title_fullStr | A Review on the Analysis of Thermal and Thermodynamic Aspects of Grain Refinement of Aluminum-Silicon-Based Alloys |
title_full_unstemmed | A Review on the Analysis of Thermal and Thermodynamic Aspects of Grain Refinement of Aluminum-Silicon-Based Alloys |
title_short | A Review on the Analysis of Thermal and Thermodynamic Aspects of Grain Refinement of Aluminum-Silicon-Based Alloys |
title_sort | review on the analysis of thermal and thermodynamic aspects of grain refinement of aluminum-silicon-based alloys |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10456725/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37629930 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16165639 |
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