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Stomatal development and orientation: a phylogenetic and ecophysiological perspective
BACKGROUND: Oriented patterning of epidermal cells is achieved primarily by transverse protodermal cell divisions perpendicular to the organ axis, followed by axial cell elongation. In linear leaves with parallel venation, most stomata are regularly aligned with the veins. This longitudinal patterni...
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Oxford University Press
2023
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10457030/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37288594 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcad071 |
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author | Rudall, Paula J |
author_facet | Rudall, Paula J |
author_sort | Rudall, Paula J |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: Oriented patterning of epidermal cells is achieved primarily by transverse protodermal cell divisions perpendicular to the organ axis, followed by axial cell elongation. In linear leaves with parallel venation, most stomata are regularly aligned with the veins. This longitudinal patterning operates under a strong developmental constraint and has demonstrable physiological benefits, especially in grasses. However, transversely oriented stomata characterize a few groups, among both living angiosperms and extinct Mesozoic seed plants. SCOPE: This review examines comparative and developmental data on stomatal patterning in a broad phylogenetic context, focusing on the evolutionary and ecophysiological significance of guard-cell orientation. It draws from a diverse range of literature to explore the pivotal roles of the plant growth hormone auxin in establishing polarity and chemical gradients that enable cellular differentiation. CONCLUSIONS: Transverse stomata evolved iteratively in a few seed-plant groups during the Mesozoic era, especially among parasitic or xerophytic taxa, such as the hemiparasitic mistletoe genus Viscum and the xerophytic shrub Casuarina, indicating a possible link with ecological factors such as the Cretaceous CO(2) decline and changing water availability. The discovery of this feature in some extinct seed-plant taxa known only from fossils could represent a useful phylogenetic marker. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-10457030 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | Oxford University Press |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-104570302023-08-26 Stomatal development and orientation: a phylogenetic and ecophysiological perspective Rudall, Paula J Ann Bot Invited Review BACKGROUND: Oriented patterning of epidermal cells is achieved primarily by transverse protodermal cell divisions perpendicular to the organ axis, followed by axial cell elongation. In linear leaves with parallel venation, most stomata are regularly aligned with the veins. This longitudinal patterning operates under a strong developmental constraint and has demonstrable physiological benefits, especially in grasses. However, transversely oriented stomata characterize a few groups, among both living angiosperms and extinct Mesozoic seed plants. SCOPE: This review examines comparative and developmental data on stomatal patterning in a broad phylogenetic context, focusing on the evolutionary and ecophysiological significance of guard-cell orientation. It draws from a diverse range of literature to explore the pivotal roles of the plant growth hormone auxin in establishing polarity and chemical gradients that enable cellular differentiation. CONCLUSIONS: Transverse stomata evolved iteratively in a few seed-plant groups during the Mesozoic era, especially among parasitic or xerophytic taxa, such as the hemiparasitic mistletoe genus Viscum and the xerophytic shrub Casuarina, indicating a possible link with ecological factors such as the Cretaceous CO(2) decline and changing water availability. The discovery of this feature in some extinct seed-plant taxa known only from fossils could represent a useful phylogenetic marker. Oxford University Press 2023-06-08 /pmc/articles/PMC10457030/ /pubmed/37288594 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcad071 Text en © The Author(s) 2023. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Annals of Botany Company. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
spellingShingle | Invited Review Rudall, Paula J Stomatal development and orientation: a phylogenetic and ecophysiological perspective |
title | Stomatal development and orientation: a phylogenetic and ecophysiological perspective |
title_full | Stomatal development and orientation: a phylogenetic and ecophysiological perspective |
title_fullStr | Stomatal development and orientation: a phylogenetic and ecophysiological perspective |
title_full_unstemmed | Stomatal development and orientation: a phylogenetic and ecophysiological perspective |
title_short | Stomatal development and orientation: a phylogenetic and ecophysiological perspective |
title_sort | stomatal development and orientation: a phylogenetic and ecophysiological perspective |
topic | Invited Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10457030/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37288594 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcad071 |
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