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The Role of Advanced MRI Sequences in the Diagnosis and Follow-Up of Adult Brainstem Gliomas: A Neuroradiological Review
The 2021 WHO (World Health Organization) classification of brain tumors incorporated the rapid advances in the molecular, genetic, and pathogenesis understanding of brain tumor pathogenesis, behavior, and treatment response. It revolutionized brain tumor classification by placing great emphasis on m...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2023
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10457939/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37624115 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/tomography9040122 |
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author | Guarnera, Alessia Romano, Andrea Moltoni, Giulia Ius, Tamara Palizzi, Serena Romano, Allegra Bagatto, Daniele Minniti, Giuseppe Bozzao, Alessandro |
author_facet | Guarnera, Alessia Romano, Andrea Moltoni, Giulia Ius, Tamara Palizzi, Serena Romano, Allegra Bagatto, Daniele Minniti, Giuseppe Bozzao, Alessandro |
author_sort | Guarnera, Alessia |
collection | PubMed |
description | The 2021 WHO (World Health Organization) classification of brain tumors incorporated the rapid advances in the molecular, genetic, and pathogenesis understanding of brain tumor pathogenesis, behavior, and treatment response. It revolutionized brain tumor classification by placing great emphasis on molecular types and completely splitting adult-type and pediatric-type diffuse gliomas. Brainstem gliomas (BSGs) are the leading primary tumors of the brainstem, although they are quite uncommon in adults compared with the pediatric population, representing less than 2% of adult gliomas. Surgery is not always the treatment of choice since resection is rarely feasible and does not improve overall survival, and biopsies are not generally performed since the location is treacherous. Therefore, MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) without and with gadolinium administration represents the optimal noninvasive radiological technique to suggest brainstem gliomas diagnosis, plan a multidisciplinary treatment and for follow-up evaluations. The MRI protocol encompasses morphological sequences as well as functional and advanced sequences, such as DWI/ADC (Diffusion-Weighted Imaging/Apparent Diffusion Coefficient), DTI (Diffusion Tensor Imaging), PWI (Perfusion-Weighted Imaging), and MRS (Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy), which improve the accuracy of the diagnosis of BSGs by adding substantial information regarding the cellularity, the infiltrative behavior toward the v fiber tracts, the vascularity, and the molecular changes. Brainstem gliomas have been divided into four categories on the basis of their MRI radiological appearance, including diffuse intrinsic low-grade gliomas, enhancing malignant gliomas, localized tectal gliomas, and other forms. The aim of our review is to provide insight into the role of advanced MRI sequences in the diagnosis and follow-up of adult brainstem gliomas. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-10457939 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-104579392023-08-27 The Role of Advanced MRI Sequences in the Diagnosis and Follow-Up of Adult Brainstem Gliomas: A Neuroradiological Review Guarnera, Alessia Romano, Andrea Moltoni, Giulia Ius, Tamara Palizzi, Serena Romano, Allegra Bagatto, Daniele Minniti, Giuseppe Bozzao, Alessandro Tomography Review The 2021 WHO (World Health Organization) classification of brain tumors incorporated the rapid advances in the molecular, genetic, and pathogenesis understanding of brain tumor pathogenesis, behavior, and treatment response. It revolutionized brain tumor classification by placing great emphasis on molecular types and completely splitting adult-type and pediatric-type diffuse gliomas. Brainstem gliomas (BSGs) are the leading primary tumors of the brainstem, although they are quite uncommon in adults compared with the pediatric population, representing less than 2% of adult gliomas. Surgery is not always the treatment of choice since resection is rarely feasible and does not improve overall survival, and biopsies are not generally performed since the location is treacherous. Therefore, MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) without and with gadolinium administration represents the optimal noninvasive radiological technique to suggest brainstem gliomas diagnosis, plan a multidisciplinary treatment and for follow-up evaluations. The MRI protocol encompasses morphological sequences as well as functional and advanced sequences, such as DWI/ADC (Diffusion-Weighted Imaging/Apparent Diffusion Coefficient), DTI (Diffusion Tensor Imaging), PWI (Perfusion-Weighted Imaging), and MRS (Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy), which improve the accuracy of the diagnosis of BSGs by adding substantial information regarding the cellularity, the infiltrative behavior toward the v fiber tracts, the vascularity, and the molecular changes. Brainstem gliomas have been divided into four categories on the basis of their MRI radiological appearance, including diffuse intrinsic low-grade gliomas, enhancing malignant gliomas, localized tectal gliomas, and other forms. The aim of our review is to provide insight into the role of advanced MRI sequences in the diagnosis and follow-up of adult brainstem gliomas. MDPI 2023-08-18 /pmc/articles/PMC10457939/ /pubmed/37624115 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/tomography9040122 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Guarnera, Alessia Romano, Andrea Moltoni, Giulia Ius, Tamara Palizzi, Serena Romano, Allegra Bagatto, Daniele Minniti, Giuseppe Bozzao, Alessandro The Role of Advanced MRI Sequences in the Diagnosis and Follow-Up of Adult Brainstem Gliomas: A Neuroradiological Review |
title | The Role of Advanced MRI Sequences in the Diagnosis and Follow-Up of Adult Brainstem Gliomas: A Neuroradiological Review |
title_full | The Role of Advanced MRI Sequences in the Diagnosis and Follow-Up of Adult Brainstem Gliomas: A Neuroradiological Review |
title_fullStr | The Role of Advanced MRI Sequences in the Diagnosis and Follow-Up of Adult Brainstem Gliomas: A Neuroradiological Review |
title_full_unstemmed | The Role of Advanced MRI Sequences in the Diagnosis and Follow-Up of Adult Brainstem Gliomas: A Neuroradiological Review |
title_short | The Role of Advanced MRI Sequences in the Diagnosis and Follow-Up of Adult Brainstem Gliomas: A Neuroradiological Review |
title_sort | role of advanced mri sequences in the diagnosis and follow-up of adult brainstem gliomas: a neuroradiological review |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10457939/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37624115 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/tomography9040122 |
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