Synergistic Halide- and Ligand-Exchanges of All-Inorganic Perovskite Nanocrystals for Near-Unity and Spectrally Stable Red Emission

All-inorganic perovskite nanocrystals (NCs) of CsPbX(3) (X = Cl, Br, I) are promising for displays due to wide color gamut, narrow emission bandwidth, and high photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY). However, pure red perovskite NCs prepared by mixing halide ions often result in defects and spectral instabilities. We demonstrate a method to prepare stable pure red emission and high-PLQY-mixed-halide perovskite NCs through simultaneous halide-exchange and ligand-exchange. CsPbBr(3) NCs with surface organic ligands are first synthesized using the ligand-assisted reprecipitation (LARP) method, and then ZnI(2) is introduced for anion exchange to transform CsPbBr(3) to CsPbBr(x)I(3−x) NCs. ZnI(2) not only provides iodine ions but also acts as an inorganic ligand to passivate surface defects and prevent ion migration, suppressing non-radiative losses and halide segregation. The luminescence properties of CsPbBr(x)I(3−x) NCs depend on the ZnI(2) content. By regulating the ZnI(2) exchange process, red CsPbBr(x)I(3−x) NCs with organic/inorganic hybrid ligands achieve near-unity PLQY with a stable emission peak at 640 nm. The CsPbBr(x)I(3−x) NCs can be combined with green CsPbBr(3) NCs to construct white light-emitting diodes with high-color gamut. Our work presents a facile ion exchange strategy for preparing spectrally stable mixed-halide perovskite NCs with high PLQY, approaching the efficiency limit for display or lighting applications.