Cargando…

A Study of the Microstructure and Tribological Properties of Copper-Based Cr@graphite Alloy Modified by Nano Cr(3)C(2) and CrC

Railway switch plates are important components in railroads, and copper-based graphite alloys have potential as substitutes for traditional materials. Graphite as an anti-friction phase could decrease both the friction coefficient and mechanical properties, with an increasing mass fraction for their...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Wang, Yiran, Gao, Yimin, Li, Yefei
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10458223/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37630932
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano13162347
_version_ 1785097115939110912
author Wang, Yiran
Gao, Yimin
Li, Yefei
author_facet Wang, Yiran
Gao, Yimin
Li, Yefei
author_sort Wang, Yiran
collection PubMed
description Railway switch plates are important components in railroads, and copper-based graphite alloys have potential as substitutes for traditional materials. Graphite as an anti-friction phase could decrease both the friction coefficient and mechanical properties, with an increasing mass fraction for their poor interface bonding strength. Chromium, a multifunctional metal plated on the graphite (Cr@graphite), has solved this problem. Results have shown that a copper-based Cr@graphite alloy is composed of copper as a base, and graphite and Cr compound transition phase as reinforcements. The transition phase is made up of nano Cr(3)C(2) and dispersed CrC, which offers a stable combination with both graphite and copper. The tribological property of copper-based graphite alloy exhibits a steadily decreasing slope with reinforcement content increasing, and the Cr@graphite samples show lower values than the alloy without any coating treatment. Both graphite and chromic oxide play role in antifriction, and are more efficient than graphite alone. Microcutting is the dominant wear method when copper-based Cr@graphite alloy has a 1~4 wt.% reinforcements content; additionally, adhesion wear and oxidation are also generated. When the anti-friction phase increases, the wear mechanism is affected, and fatigue deformation is the dominant wear method at 4~6 wt.% content. The formation of the chromic oxide phase, as well as the graphite phase, control the formation of an anti-friction layer. In that case, the tribological properties are dramatically improved with reinforcement content enhance.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-10458223
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2023
publisher MDPI
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-104582232023-08-27 A Study of the Microstructure and Tribological Properties of Copper-Based Cr@graphite Alloy Modified by Nano Cr(3)C(2) and CrC Wang, Yiran Gao, Yimin Li, Yefei Nanomaterials (Basel) Article Railway switch plates are important components in railroads, and copper-based graphite alloys have potential as substitutes for traditional materials. Graphite as an anti-friction phase could decrease both the friction coefficient and mechanical properties, with an increasing mass fraction for their poor interface bonding strength. Chromium, a multifunctional metal plated on the graphite (Cr@graphite), has solved this problem. Results have shown that a copper-based Cr@graphite alloy is composed of copper as a base, and graphite and Cr compound transition phase as reinforcements. The transition phase is made up of nano Cr(3)C(2) and dispersed CrC, which offers a stable combination with both graphite and copper. The tribological property of copper-based graphite alloy exhibits a steadily decreasing slope with reinforcement content increasing, and the Cr@graphite samples show lower values than the alloy without any coating treatment. Both graphite and chromic oxide play role in antifriction, and are more efficient than graphite alone. Microcutting is the dominant wear method when copper-based Cr@graphite alloy has a 1~4 wt.% reinforcements content; additionally, adhesion wear and oxidation are also generated. When the anti-friction phase increases, the wear mechanism is affected, and fatigue deformation is the dominant wear method at 4~6 wt.% content. The formation of the chromic oxide phase, as well as the graphite phase, control the formation of an anti-friction layer. In that case, the tribological properties are dramatically improved with reinforcement content enhance. MDPI 2023-08-15 /pmc/articles/PMC10458223/ /pubmed/37630932 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano13162347 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Wang, Yiran
Gao, Yimin
Li, Yefei
A Study of the Microstructure and Tribological Properties of Copper-Based Cr@graphite Alloy Modified by Nano Cr(3)C(2) and CrC
title A Study of the Microstructure and Tribological Properties of Copper-Based Cr@graphite Alloy Modified by Nano Cr(3)C(2) and CrC
title_full A Study of the Microstructure and Tribological Properties of Copper-Based Cr@graphite Alloy Modified by Nano Cr(3)C(2) and CrC
title_fullStr A Study of the Microstructure and Tribological Properties of Copper-Based Cr@graphite Alloy Modified by Nano Cr(3)C(2) and CrC
title_full_unstemmed A Study of the Microstructure and Tribological Properties of Copper-Based Cr@graphite Alloy Modified by Nano Cr(3)C(2) and CrC
title_short A Study of the Microstructure and Tribological Properties of Copper-Based Cr@graphite Alloy Modified by Nano Cr(3)C(2) and CrC
title_sort study of the microstructure and tribological properties of copper-based cr@graphite alloy modified by nano cr(3)c(2) and crc
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10458223/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37630932
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano13162347
work_keys_str_mv AT wangyiran astudyofthemicrostructureandtribologicalpropertiesofcopperbasedcrgraphitealloymodifiedbynanocr3c2andcrc
AT gaoyimin astudyofthemicrostructureandtribologicalpropertiesofcopperbasedcrgraphitealloymodifiedbynanocr3c2andcrc
AT liyefei astudyofthemicrostructureandtribologicalpropertiesofcopperbasedcrgraphitealloymodifiedbynanocr3c2andcrc
AT wangyiran studyofthemicrostructureandtribologicalpropertiesofcopperbasedcrgraphitealloymodifiedbynanocr3c2andcrc
AT gaoyimin studyofthemicrostructureandtribologicalpropertiesofcopperbasedcrgraphitealloymodifiedbynanocr3c2andcrc
AT liyefei studyofthemicrostructureandtribologicalpropertiesofcopperbasedcrgraphitealloymodifiedbynanocr3c2andcrc