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Virus Inactivation by Formaldehyde and Common Lysis Buffers

Numerous mammalian viruses are routinely analyzed in clinical diagnostic laboratories around the globe or serve as indispensable model systems in viral research. Potentially infectious viral entities are handled as blood, biopsies, or cell and tissue culture samples. Countless protocols describe met...

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Autores principales: Seeburg, Ulrike, Urda, Lorena, Otte, Fabian, Lett, Martin J., Caimi, Silvia, Mittelholzer, Christian, Klimkait, Thomas
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10458352/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37632035
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v15081693
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author Seeburg, Ulrike
Urda, Lorena
Otte, Fabian
Lett, Martin J.
Caimi, Silvia
Mittelholzer, Christian
Klimkait, Thomas
author_facet Seeburg, Ulrike
Urda, Lorena
Otte, Fabian
Lett, Martin J.
Caimi, Silvia
Mittelholzer, Christian
Klimkait, Thomas
author_sort Seeburg, Ulrike
collection PubMed
description Numerous mammalian viruses are routinely analyzed in clinical diagnostic laboratories around the globe or serve as indispensable model systems in viral research. Potentially infectious viral entities are handled as blood, biopsies, or cell and tissue culture samples. Countless protocols describe methods for virus fixation and inactivation, yet for many, a formal proof of safety and completeness of inactivation remains to be shown. While modern nucleic acid extraction methods work quite effectively, data are largely lacking on possible residual viral infectivity, e.g., when assessed after extended culture times, which maximizes the sensitivity for low levels of residual infectiousness. Therefore, we examined the potency and completeness of inactivation procedures on virus-containing specimens when applying commonly used fixatives like formaldehyde or nucleic acid extraction/lysis buffers. Typical representatives of different virus classes, including RNA and DNA viruses, enveloped and non-enveloped, such as adenovirus, enterovirus, lentivirus, and coronavirus, were used, and the reduction in the in vitro infectiousness was assessed for standard protocols. Overall, a 30-minute incubation with formaldehyde at room temperature effectively inactivated all tested enveloped and non-enveloped viruses. Full inactivation of HIV-1 and ECHO-11 was also achieved with all buffers in the test, whereas for SARS-CoV-2 and AdV-5, only five of the seven lysis buffers were fully effective under the tested conditions.
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spelling pubmed-104583522023-08-27 Virus Inactivation by Formaldehyde and Common Lysis Buffers Seeburg, Ulrike Urda, Lorena Otte, Fabian Lett, Martin J. Caimi, Silvia Mittelholzer, Christian Klimkait, Thomas Viruses Article Numerous mammalian viruses are routinely analyzed in clinical diagnostic laboratories around the globe or serve as indispensable model systems in viral research. Potentially infectious viral entities are handled as blood, biopsies, or cell and tissue culture samples. Countless protocols describe methods for virus fixation and inactivation, yet for many, a formal proof of safety and completeness of inactivation remains to be shown. While modern nucleic acid extraction methods work quite effectively, data are largely lacking on possible residual viral infectivity, e.g., when assessed after extended culture times, which maximizes the sensitivity for low levels of residual infectiousness. Therefore, we examined the potency and completeness of inactivation procedures on virus-containing specimens when applying commonly used fixatives like formaldehyde or nucleic acid extraction/lysis buffers. Typical representatives of different virus classes, including RNA and DNA viruses, enveloped and non-enveloped, such as adenovirus, enterovirus, lentivirus, and coronavirus, were used, and the reduction in the in vitro infectiousness was assessed for standard protocols. Overall, a 30-minute incubation with formaldehyde at room temperature effectively inactivated all tested enveloped and non-enveloped viruses. Full inactivation of HIV-1 and ECHO-11 was also achieved with all buffers in the test, whereas for SARS-CoV-2 and AdV-5, only five of the seven lysis buffers were fully effective under the tested conditions. MDPI 2023-08-04 /pmc/articles/PMC10458352/ /pubmed/37632035 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v15081693 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Seeburg, Ulrike
Urda, Lorena
Otte, Fabian
Lett, Martin J.
Caimi, Silvia
Mittelholzer, Christian
Klimkait, Thomas
Virus Inactivation by Formaldehyde and Common Lysis Buffers
title Virus Inactivation by Formaldehyde and Common Lysis Buffers
title_full Virus Inactivation by Formaldehyde and Common Lysis Buffers
title_fullStr Virus Inactivation by Formaldehyde and Common Lysis Buffers
title_full_unstemmed Virus Inactivation by Formaldehyde and Common Lysis Buffers
title_short Virus Inactivation by Formaldehyde and Common Lysis Buffers
title_sort virus inactivation by formaldehyde and common lysis buffers
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10458352/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37632035
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v15081693
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