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Ambient Volatile Organic Compound Characterization, Source Apportionment, and Risk Assessment in Three Megacities of China in 2019

In order to illustrate pollution characterization, source apportionment, and risk assessment of VOCs in Beijing, Baoding, and Shanghai, field observations of CO, NO, NO(2), O(3,) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were conducted in 2019. Concentrations of VOCs were the highest in Beijing (105.4 ±...

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Autores principales: Wang, Zhanshan, Zhang, Puzhen, Pan, Libo, Qian, Yan, Li, Zhigang, Li, Xiaoqian, Guo, Chen, Zhu, Xiaojing, Xie, Yuanyuan, Wei, Yongjie
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10458435/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37624157
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxics11080651
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author Wang, Zhanshan
Zhang, Puzhen
Pan, Libo
Qian, Yan
Li, Zhigang
Li, Xiaoqian
Guo, Chen
Zhu, Xiaojing
Xie, Yuanyuan
Wei, Yongjie
author_facet Wang, Zhanshan
Zhang, Puzhen
Pan, Libo
Qian, Yan
Li, Zhigang
Li, Xiaoqian
Guo, Chen
Zhu, Xiaojing
Xie, Yuanyuan
Wei, Yongjie
author_sort Wang, Zhanshan
collection PubMed
description In order to illustrate pollution characterization, source apportionment, and risk assessment of VOCs in Beijing, Baoding, and Shanghai, field observations of CO, NO, NO(2), O(3,) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were conducted in 2019. Concentrations of VOCs were the highest in Beijing (105.4 ± 52.1 ppb), followed by Baoding (97.1 ± 47.5 ppb) and Shanghai (91.1 ± 41.3 ppb). Concentrations of VOCs were the highest in winter (120.3 ± 61.5 ppb) among the three seasons tested, followed by summer (98.1 + 50.8 ppb) and autumn (75.5 + 33.4 ppb). Alkenes were the most reactive VOC species in all cities, accounting for 56.0%, 53.7%, and 39.4% of ozone formation potential in Beijing, Baoding, and Shanghai, respectively. Alkenes and aromatics were the reactive species, particularly ethene, propene, 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene, and m/p-xylene. Vehicular exhaust was the principal source in all three cities, accounting for 27.0%, 30.4%, and 23.3% of VOCs in Beijing, Baoding, and Shanghai, respectively. Industrial manufacturing was the second largest source in Baoding (23.6%) and Shanghai (21.3%), and solvent utilization was the second largest source in Beijing (25.1%). The empirical kinetic modeling approach showed that O(3) formation was limited by both VOCs and nitric oxides at Fangshan (the suburban site) and by VOCs at Xuhui (the urban site). Acrolein was the only substance with an average hazard quotient greater than 1, indicating significant non-carcinogenic risk. In Beijing, 1,2-dibromoethane had an R-value of 1.1 × 10(−4) and posed a definite carcinogenic risk.
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spelling pubmed-104584352023-08-27 Ambient Volatile Organic Compound Characterization, Source Apportionment, and Risk Assessment in Three Megacities of China in 2019 Wang, Zhanshan Zhang, Puzhen Pan, Libo Qian, Yan Li, Zhigang Li, Xiaoqian Guo, Chen Zhu, Xiaojing Xie, Yuanyuan Wei, Yongjie Toxics Article In order to illustrate pollution characterization, source apportionment, and risk assessment of VOCs in Beijing, Baoding, and Shanghai, field observations of CO, NO, NO(2), O(3,) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were conducted in 2019. Concentrations of VOCs were the highest in Beijing (105.4 ± 52.1 ppb), followed by Baoding (97.1 ± 47.5 ppb) and Shanghai (91.1 ± 41.3 ppb). Concentrations of VOCs were the highest in winter (120.3 ± 61.5 ppb) among the three seasons tested, followed by summer (98.1 + 50.8 ppb) and autumn (75.5 + 33.4 ppb). Alkenes were the most reactive VOC species in all cities, accounting for 56.0%, 53.7%, and 39.4% of ozone formation potential in Beijing, Baoding, and Shanghai, respectively. Alkenes and aromatics were the reactive species, particularly ethene, propene, 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene, and m/p-xylene. Vehicular exhaust was the principal source in all three cities, accounting for 27.0%, 30.4%, and 23.3% of VOCs in Beijing, Baoding, and Shanghai, respectively. Industrial manufacturing was the second largest source in Baoding (23.6%) and Shanghai (21.3%), and solvent utilization was the second largest source in Beijing (25.1%). The empirical kinetic modeling approach showed that O(3) formation was limited by both VOCs and nitric oxides at Fangshan (the suburban site) and by VOCs at Xuhui (the urban site). Acrolein was the only substance with an average hazard quotient greater than 1, indicating significant non-carcinogenic risk. In Beijing, 1,2-dibromoethane had an R-value of 1.1 × 10(−4) and posed a definite carcinogenic risk. MDPI 2023-07-27 /pmc/articles/PMC10458435/ /pubmed/37624157 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxics11080651 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Wang, Zhanshan
Zhang, Puzhen
Pan, Libo
Qian, Yan
Li, Zhigang
Li, Xiaoqian
Guo, Chen
Zhu, Xiaojing
Xie, Yuanyuan
Wei, Yongjie
Ambient Volatile Organic Compound Characterization, Source Apportionment, and Risk Assessment in Three Megacities of China in 2019
title Ambient Volatile Organic Compound Characterization, Source Apportionment, and Risk Assessment in Three Megacities of China in 2019
title_full Ambient Volatile Organic Compound Characterization, Source Apportionment, and Risk Assessment in Three Megacities of China in 2019
title_fullStr Ambient Volatile Organic Compound Characterization, Source Apportionment, and Risk Assessment in Three Megacities of China in 2019
title_full_unstemmed Ambient Volatile Organic Compound Characterization, Source Apportionment, and Risk Assessment in Three Megacities of China in 2019
title_short Ambient Volatile Organic Compound Characterization, Source Apportionment, and Risk Assessment in Three Megacities of China in 2019
title_sort ambient volatile organic compound characterization, source apportionment, and risk assessment in three megacities of china in 2019
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10458435/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37624157
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxics11080651
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