Cargando…

Dietary Intake and Supplement Use in Competitive Women Bodybuilders

(1) Background: Women bodybuilders use extreme diets, dietary supplementation, and training regimes to sculpt their physiques. Women’s participation in bodybuilding competitions has increased since the 1980s. Currently, studies on their dietary intake and supplement use are limited. Their dietary in...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Haubenstricker, John E., Lee, Jerry W., Segovia-Siapco, Gina, Medina, Ernesto
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10458719/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37624138
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sports11080158
_version_ 1785097233351311360
author Haubenstricker, John E.
Lee, Jerry W.
Segovia-Siapco, Gina
Medina, Ernesto
author_facet Haubenstricker, John E.
Lee, Jerry W.
Segovia-Siapco, Gina
Medina, Ernesto
author_sort Haubenstricker, John E.
collection PubMed
description (1) Background: Women bodybuilders use extreme diets, dietary supplementation, and training regimes to sculpt their physiques. Women’s participation in bodybuilding competitions has increased since the 1980s. Currently, studies on their dietary intake and supplement use are limited. Their dietary intake may be of poor quality and low in several micronutrients, while supplement use appears to be omnipresent. Thus, the aim of this study was to examine and compare the dietary intake, supplement use, and diet quality of in-season and off-season women bodybuilders. (2) Methods: In a cross-sectional design, we compared dietary intake, supplement use, and diet quality between seasons in women bodybuilders (n = 227). An online questionnaire was developed, validated, and administered to assess all non-dietary and supplement variables. The Automated Self-Administered 24 h Dietary Assessment Tool was used to collect four 24 h dietary recalls. The Healthy Eating Index-2015 (HEI-2015) was used to calculate diet quality. The analysis of covariance and Welch’s t-tests were used to assess the differences between in-season and off-season women bodybuilders’ dietary intake, supplement, and HEI-2015 variables. (3) Results: In-season competitors reported consuming significantly less energy, carbohydrates, and fat but more protein than off-season competitors. All competitors consumed excess protein, while in-season competitors consumed excess fat and off-season competitors consumed less energy than the physique athlete nutrition recommendations. All competitors’ micronutrient intakes were above the Dietary Reference Intakes. Supplements were used by all competitors, and the mean number used was similar between seasons. The HEI-2015 scores were not significantly different between seasons yet were below the US Dietary Guidelines for Americans. (4) Conclusion: Women bodybuilders would benefit from health education to achieve physique athlete nutrition recommendations, improve diet quality, and safe/efficacious supplement use to reach physique goals and improve overall health.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-10458719
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2023
publisher MDPI
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-104587192023-08-27 Dietary Intake and Supplement Use in Competitive Women Bodybuilders Haubenstricker, John E. Lee, Jerry W. Segovia-Siapco, Gina Medina, Ernesto Sports (Basel) Article (1) Background: Women bodybuilders use extreme diets, dietary supplementation, and training regimes to sculpt their physiques. Women’s participation in bodybuilding competitions has increased since the 1980s. Currently, studies on their dietary intake and supplement use are limited. Their dietary intake may be of poor quality and low in several micronutrients, while supplement use appears to be omnipresent. Thus, the aim of this study was to examine and compare the dietary intake, supplement use, and diet quality of in-season and off-season women bodybuilders. (2) Methods: In a cross-sectional design, we compared dietary intake, supplement use, and diet quality between seasons in women bodybuilders (n = 227). An online questionnaire was developed, validated, and administered to assess all non-dietary and supplement variables. The Automated Self-Administered 24 h Dietary Assessment Tool was used to collect four 24 h dietary recalls. The Healthy Eating Index-2015 (HEI-2015) was used to calculate diet quality. The analysis of covariance and Welch’s t-tests were used to assess the differences between in-season and off-season women bodybuilders’ dietary intake, supplement, and HEI-2015 variables. (3) Results: In-season competitors reported consuming significantly less energy, carbohydrates, and fat but more protein than off-season competitors. All competitors consumed excess protein, while in-season competitors consumed excess fat and off-season competitors consumed less energy than the physique athlete nutrition recommendations. All competitors’ micronutrient intakes were above the Dietary Reference Intakes. Supplements were used by all competitors, and the mean number used was similar between seasons. The HEI-2015 scores were not significantly different between seasons yet were below the US Dietary Guidelines for Americans. (4) Conclusion: Women bodybuilders would benefit from health education to achieve physique athlete nutrition recommendations, improve diet quality, and safe/efficacious supplement use to reach physique goals and improve overall health. MDPI 2023-08-18 /pmc/articles/PMC10458719/ /pubmed/37624138 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sports11080158 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Haubenstricker, John E.
Lee, Jerry W.
Segovia-Siapco, Gina
Medina, Ernesto
Dietary Intake and Supplement Use in Competitive Women Bodybuilders
title Dietary Intake and Supplement Use in Competitive Women Bodybuilders
title_full Dietary Intake and Supplement Use in Competitive Women Bodybuilders
title_fullStr Dietary Intake and Supplement Use in Competitive Women Bodybuilders
title_full_unstemmed Dietary Intake and Supplement Use in Competitive Women Bodybuilders
title_short Dietary Intake and Supplement Use in Competitive Women Bodybuilders
title_sort dietary intake and supplement use in competitive women bodybuilders
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10458719/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37624138
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sports11080158
work_keys_str_mv AT haubenstrickerjohne dietaryintakeandsupplementuseincompetitivewomenbodybuilders
AT leejerryw dietaryintakeandsupplementuseincompetitivewomenbodybuilders
AT segoviasiapcogina dietaryintakeandsupplementuseincompetitivewomenbodybuilders
AT medinaernesto dietaryintakeandsupplementuseincompetitivewomenbodybuilders