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Autophagy Alters the Susceptibility of Candida albicans Biofilms to Antifungal Agents
Candida albicans (C. albicans) reigns as a major cause of clinical candidiasis. C. albicans biofilms are known to increase resistance to antifungal agents, making biofilm-related infections particularly challenging to treat. Drug resistance is of particular concern due to the spread of multidrug-res...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2023
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10458732/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37630575 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11082015 |
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author | Shen, Jiadi Ma, Ming Duan, Wei Huang, Yun Shi, Banruo Wu, Qiaochu Wei, Xin |
author_facet | Shen, Jiadi Ma, Ming Duan, Wei Huang, Yun Shi, Banruo Wu, Qiaochu Wei, Xin |
author_sort | Shen, Jiadi |
collection | PubMed |
description | Candida albicans (C. albicans) reigns as a major cause of clinical candidiasis. C. albicans biofilms are known to increase resistance to antifungal agents, making biofilm-related infections particularly challenging to treat. Drug resistance is of particular concern due to the spread of multidrug-resistant fungal pathogens, while autophagy is crucial for the maintenance of cellular homeostasis. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effects of an activator and an inhibitor of autophagy on the susceptibility of C. albicans biofilms to antifungal agents and the related mechanisms. The susceptibility of C. albicans biofilms to different antifungal agents after treatment with or without the autophagy activator or inhibitor was evaluated using XTT assay. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and reactive oxygen species (ROS) level, as well as the expression of ROS-related and autophagy-related genes, were examined to evaluate the autophagic activity of C. albicans biofilms when treated with antifungal agents. The autophagosomes were observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The susceptibility of C. albicans biofilms to antifungal agents changed when autophagy changed. The ALP activity and ROS level of C. albicans biofilms increased with the treatment of antifungal agents, and autophagosomes could be observed in C. albicans biofilms. Autophagy was involved in the susceptibility of C. albicans biofilms to antifungal agents. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-10458732 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-104587322023-08-27 Autophagy Alters the Susceptibility of Candida albicans Biofilms to Antifungal Agents Shen, Jiadi Ma, Ming Duan, Wei Huang, Yun Shi, Banruo Wu, Qiaochu Wei, Xin Microorganisms Article Candida albicans (C. albicans) reigns as a major cause of clinical candidiasis. C. albicans biofilms are known to increase resistance to antifungal agents, making biofilm-related infections particularly challenging to treat. Drug resistance is of particular concern due to the spread of multidrug-resistant fungal pathogens, while autophagy is crucial for the maintenance of cellular homeostasis. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effects of an activator and an inhibitor of autophagy on the susceptibility of C. albicans biofilms to antifungal agents and the related mechanisms. The susceptibility of C. albicans biofilms to different antifungal agents after treatment with or without the autophagy activator or inhibitor was evaluated using XTT assay. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and reactive oxygen species (ROS) level, as well as the expression of ROS-related and autophagy-related genes, were examined to evaluate the autophagic activity of C. albicans biofilms when treated with antifungal agents. The autophagosomes were observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The susceptibility of C. albicans biofilms to antifungal agents changed when autophagy changed. The ALP activity and ROS level of C. albicans biofilms increased with the treatment of antifungal agents, and autophagosomes could be observed in C. albicans biofilms. Autophagy was involved in the susceptibility of C. albicans biofilms to antifungal agents. MDPI 2023-08-05 /pmc/articles/PMC10458732/ /pubmed/37630575 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11082015 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Shen, Jiadi Ma, Ming Duan, Wei Huang, Yun Shi, Banruo Wu, Qiaochu Wei, Xin Autophagy Alters the Susceptibility of Candida albicans Biofilms to Antifungal Agents |
title | Autophagy Alters the Susceptibility of Candida albicans Biofilms to Antifungal Agents |
title_full | Autophagy Alters the Susceptibility of Candida albicans Biofilms to Antifungal Agents |
title_fullStr | Autophagy Alters the Susceptibility of Candida albicans Biofilms to Antifungal Agents |
title_full_unstemmed | Autophagy Alters the Susceptibility of Candida albicans Biofilms to Antifungal Agents |
title_short | Autophagy Alters the Susceptibility of Candida albicans Biofilms to Antifungal Agents |
title_sort | autophagy alters the susceptibility of candida albicans biofilms to antifungal agents |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10458732/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37630575 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11082015 |
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