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Toward Precision Weight-Loss Dietary Interventions: Findings from the POUNDS Lost Trial

The POUNDS Lost trial is a 2-year clinical trial testing the effects of dietary interventions on weight loss. This study included 811 adults with overweight or obesity who were randomized to one of four diets that contained either 15% or 25% protein and 20% or 40% fat in a 2 × 2 factorial design. By...

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Autores principales: Qi, Lu, Heianza, Yoriko, Li, Xiang, Sacks, Frank M., Bray, George A.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10458797/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37630855
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu15163665
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author Qi, Lu
Heianza, Yoriko
Li, Xiang
Sacks, Frank M.
Bray, George A.
author_facet Qi, Lu
Heianza, Yoriko
Li, Xiang
Sacks, Frank M.
Bray, George A.
author_sort Qi, Lu
collection PubMed
description The POUNDS Lost trial is a 2-year clinical trial testing the effects of dietary interventions on weight loss. This study included 811 adults with overweight or obesity who were randomized to one of four diets that contained either 15% or 25% protein and 20% or 40% fat in a 2 × 2 factorial design. By 2 years, participants on average lost from 2.9 to 3.6 kg in body weight in the four intervention arms, while no significant difference was observed across the intervention arms. In POUNDS Lost, we performed a series of ancillary studies to detect intrinsic factors particular to genomic, epigenomic, and metabolomic markers that may modulate changes in weight and other cardiometabolic traits in response to the weight-loss dietary interventions. Genomic variants identified from genome-wide association studies (GWASs) on obesity, type 2 diabetes, glucose and lipid metabolisms, gut microbiome, and dietary intakes have been found to interact with dietary macronutrients (fat, protein, and carbohydrates) in relation to weight loss and changes of body composition and cardiometabolic traits. In addition, we recently investigated epigenomic modifications, particularly blood DNA methylation and circulating microRNAs (miRNAs). We reported DNA methylation levels at NFATC2IP, CPT1A, TXNIP, and LINC00319 were related to weight loss or changes of glucose, lipids, and blood pressure; we also reported thrifty miRNA expression as a significant epigenomic marker related to changes in insulin sensitivity and adiposity. Our studies have also highlighted the importance of temporal changes in novel metabolomic signatures for gut microbiota, bile acids, and amino acids as predictors for achievement of successful weight loss outcomes. Moreover, our studies indicate that biochemical, behavioral, and psychosocial factors such as physical activity, sleep disturbance, and appetite may also modulate metabolic changes during dietary interventions. This review summarized our major findings in the POUNDS Lost trial, which provided preliminary evidence supporting the development of precision diet interventions for obesity management.
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spelling pubmed-104587972023-08-27 Toward Precision Weight-Loss Dietary Interventions: Findings from the POUNDS Lost Trial Qi, Lu Heianza, Yoriko Li, Xiang Sacks, Frank M. Bray, George A. Nutrients Review The POUNDS Lost trial is a 2-year clinical trial testing the effects of dietary interventions on weight loss. This study included 811 adults with overweight or obesity who were randomized to one of four diets that contained either 15% or 25% protein and 20% or 40% fat in a 2 × 2 factorial design. By 2 years, participants on average lost from 2.9 to 3.6 kg in body weight in the four intervention arms, while no significant difference was observed across the intervention arms. In POUNDS Lost, we performed a series of ancillary studies to detect intrinsic factors particular to genomic, epigenomic, and metabolomic markers that may modulate changes in weight and other cardiometabolic traits in response to the weight-loss dietary interventions. Genomic variants identified from genome-wide association studies (GWASs) on obesity, type 2 diabetes, glucose and lipid metabolisms, gut microbiome, and dietary intakes have been found to interact with dietary macronutrients (fat, protein, and carbohydrates) in relation to weight loss and changes of body composition and cardiometabolic traits. In addition, we recently investigated epigenomic modifications, particularly blood DNA methylation and circulating microRNAs (miRNAs). We reported DNA methylation levels at NFATC2IP, CPT1A, TXNIP, and LINC00319 were related to weight loss or changes of glucose, lipids, and blood pressure; we also reported thrifty miRNA expression as a significant epigenomic marker related to changes in insulin sensitivity and adiposity. Our studies have also highlighted the importance of temporal changes in novel metabolomic signatures for gut microbiota, bile acids, and amino acids as predictors for achievement of successful weight loss outcomes. Moreover, our studies indicate that biochemical, behavioral, and psychosocial factors such as physical activity, sleep disturbance, and appetite may also modulate metabolic changes during dietary interventions. This review summarized our major findings in the POUNDS Lost trial, which provided preliminary evidence supporting the development of precision diet interventions for obesity management. MDPI 2023-08-21 /pmc/articles/PMC10458797/ /pubmed/37630855 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu15163665 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Qi, Lu
Heianza, Yoriko
Li, Xiang
Sacks, Frank M.
Bray, George A.
Toward Precision Weight-Loss Dietary Interventions: Findings from the POUNDS Lost Trial
title Toward Precision Weight-Loss Dietary Interventions: Findings from the POUNDS Lost Trial
title_full Toward Precision Weight-Loss Dietary Interventions: Findings from the POUNDS Lost Trial
title_fullStr Toward Precision Weight-Loss Dietary Interventions: Findings from the POUNDS Lost Trial
title_full_unstemmed Toward Precision Weight-Loss Dietary Interventions: Findings from the POUNDS Lost Trial
title_short Toward Precision Weight-Loss Dietary Interventions: Findings from the POUNDS Lost Trial
title_sort toward precision weight-loss dietary interventions: findings from the pounds lost trial
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10458797/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37630855
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu15163665
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