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Non-Invasive Vaccines: Challenges in Formulation and Vaccine Adjuvants
Given the limitations of conventional invasive vaccines, such as the requirement for a cold chain system and trained personnel, needle-based injuries, and limited immunogenicity, non-invasive vaccines have gained significant attention. Although numerous approaches for formulating and administrating...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2023
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10458847/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37631328 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics15082114 |
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author | Han, Sumin Lee, Panjae Choi, Hyo-Jick |
author_facet | Han, Sumin Lee, Panjae Choi, Hyo-Jick |
author_sort | Han, Sumin |
collection | PubMed |
description | Given the limitations of conventional invasive vaccines, such as the requirement for a cold chain system and trained personnel, needle-based injuries, and limited immunogenicity, non-invasive vaccines have gained significant attention. Although numerous approaches for formulating and administrating non-invasive vaccines have emerged, each of them faces its own challenges associated with vaccine bioavailability, toxicity, and other issues. To overcome such limitations, researchers have created novel supplementary materials and delivery systems. The goal of this review article is to provide vaccine formulation researchers with the most up-to-date information on vaccine formulation and the immunological mechanisms available, to identify the technical challenges associated with the commercialization of non-invasive vaccines, and to guide future research and development efforts. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-10458847 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-104588472023-08-27 Non-Invasive Vaccines: Challenges in Formulation and Vaccine Adjuvants Han, Sumin Lee, Panjae Choi, Hyo-Jick Pharmaceutics Review Given the limitations of conventional invasive vaccines, such as the requirement for a cold chain system and trained personnel, needle-based injuries, and limited immunogenicity, non-invasive vaccines have gained significant attention. Although numerous approaches for formulating and administrating non-invasive vaccines have emerged, each of them faces its own challenges associated with vaccine bioavailability, toxicity, and other issues. To overcome such limitations, researchers have created novel supplementary materials and delivery systems. The goal of this review article is to provide vaccine formulation researchers with the most up-to-date information on vaccine formulation and the immunological mechanisms available, to identify the technical challenges associated with the commercialization of non-invasive vaccines, and to guide future research and development efforts. MDPI 2023-08-09 /pmc/articles/PMC10458847/ /pubmed/37631328 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics15082114 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Han, Sumin Lee, Panjae Choi, Hyo-Jick Non-Invasive Vaccines: Challenges in Formulation and Vaccine Adjuvants |
title | Non-Invasive Vaccines: Challenges in Formulation and Vaccine Adjuvants |
title_full | Non-Invasive Vaccines: Challenges in Formulation and Vaccine Adjuvants |
title_fullStr | Non-Invasive Vaccines: Challenges in Formulation and Vaccine Adjuvants |
title_full_unstemmed | Non-Invasive Vaccines: Challenges in Formulation and Vaccine Adjuvants |
title_short | Non-Invasive Vaccines: Challenges in Formulation and Vaccine Adjuvants |
title_sort | non-invasive vaccines: challenges in formulation and vaccine adjuvants |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10458847/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37631328 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics15082114 |
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