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Cohesion and Adhesion Performance of Tannin-Glyoxal Adhesives at Different Formulations and Hardener Types for Bonding Particleboard Made of Areca (Areca catechu) Leaf Sheath

The use of alternative raw materials, such as agricultural biomass and by-products, in particleboard (PB) production is a viable approach to address the growing global demand for sustainable wood-based materials. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of the type of hardener and tan...

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Autores principales: Anggini, Awanda Wira, Lubis, Muhammad Adly Rahandi, Sari, Rita Kartika, Papadopoulos, Antonios N., Antov, Petar, Iswanto, Apri Heri, Lee, Seng Hua, Mardawati, Efri, Kristak, Lubos, Juliana, Ika
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10458934/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37631482
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15163425
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author Anggini, Awanda Wira
Lubis, Muhammad Adly Rahandi
Sari, Rita Kartika
Papadopoulos, Antonios N.
Antov, Petar
Iswanto, Apri Heri
Lee, Seng Hua
Mardawati, Efri
Kristak, Lubos
Juliana, Ika
author_facet Anggini, Awanda Wira
Lubis, Muhammad Adly Rahandi
Sari, Rita Kartika
Papadopoulos, Antonios N.
Antov, Petar
Iswanto, Apri Heri
Lee, Seng Hua
Mardawati, Efri
Kristak, Lubos
Juliana, Ika
author_sort Anggini, Awanda Wira
collection PubMed
description The use of alternative raw materials, such as agricultural biomass and by-products, in particleboard (PB) production is a viable approach to address the growing global demand for sustainable wood-based materials. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of the type of hardener and tannin-glyoxal (TG) adhesive formulation on the cohesion and adhesion performance of TG adhesives for areca-based PB. Two types of hardeners were used, NH(4)Cl and NaOH, and three adhesive formulations with tannin:glyoxal ratios (i.e., F1 (1:2), F2 (1:1), and F3 (2:1)) were applied to improve the cohesion performance and adhesion for areca-based TG adhesive for PB. The basic, chemical, and mechanical properties of the TG adhesive were investigated using a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer, rotational rheometer, dynamic mechanical analyzer (DMA), and X-ray diffractometer. The results show that a high glyoxal percentage increases the percentage of crystallinity in the adhesive. This shows that the increase in glyoxal is able to form better polymer bonds. DMA analysis shows that the adhesive is elastic and the use of NH(4)Cl hardener has better mechanical properties in thermodynamic changes than the adhesive using NaOH hardener. Finally, the adhesion performance of the TG adhesives on various types of hardeners and adhesive formulations was evaluated on areca-based PB panels. Regardless of the type of hardener, the TG adhesive made with F1 had better cohesion and adhesion properties compared to F2 and F3. Combining F1 with NH(4)Cl produced areca-based PB panels with better physical and mechanical qualities than the adhesive formulations F2 and F3, and complied with Type 8 particleboard according to SNI 03-2105-2006 standard.
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spelling pubmed-104589342023-08-27 Cohesion and Adhesion Performance of Tannin-Glyoxal Adhesives at Different Formulations and Hardener Types for Bonding Particleboard Made of Areca (Areca catechu) Leaf Sheath Anggini, Awanda Wira Lubis, Muhammad Adly Rahandi Sari, Rita Kartika Papadopoulos, Antonios N. Antov, Petar Iswanto, Apri Heri Lee, Seng Hua Mardawati, Efri Kristak, Lubos Juliana, Ika Polymers (Basel) Article The use of alternative raw materials, such as agricultural biomass and by-products, in particleboard (PB) production is a viable approach to address the growing global demand for sustainable wood-based materials. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of the type of hardener and tannin-glyoxal (TG) adhesive formulation on the cohesion and adhesion performance of TG adhesives for areca-based PB. Two types of hardeners were used, NH(4)Cl and NaOH, and three adhesive formulations with tannin:glyoxal ratios (i.e., F1 (1:2), F2 (1:1), and F3 (2:1)) were applied to improve the cohesion performance and adhesion for areca-based TG adhesive for PB. The basic, chemical, and mechanical properties of the TG adhesive were investigated using a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer, rotational rheometer, dynamic mechanical analyzer (DMA), and X-ray diffractometer. The results show that a high glyoxal percentage increases the percentage of crystallinity in the adhesive. This shows that the increase in glyoxal is able to form better polymer bonds. DMA analysis shows that the adhesive is elastic and the use of NH(4)Cl hardener has better mechanical properties in thermodynamic changes than the adhesive using NaOH hardener. Finally, the adhesion performance of the TG adhesives on various types of hardeners and adhesive formulations was evaluated on areca-based PB panels. Regardless of the type of hardener, the TG adhesive made with F1 had better cohesion and adhesion properties compared to F2 and F3. Combining F1 with NH(4)Cl produced areca-based PB panels with better physical and mechanical qualities than the adhesive formulations F2 and F3, and complied with Type 8 particleboard according to SNI 03-2105-2006 standard. MDPI 2023-08-16 /pmc/articles/PMC10458934/ /pubmed/37631482 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15163425 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Anggini, Awanda Wira
Lubis, Muhammad Adly Rahandi
Sari, Rita Kartika
Papadopoulos, Antonios N.
Antov, Petar
Iswanto, Apri Heri
Lee, Seng Hua
Mardawati, Efri
Kristak, Lubos
Juliana, Ika
Cohesion and Adhesion Performance of Tannin-Glyoxal Adhesives at Different Formulations and Hardener Types for Bonding Particleboard Made of Areca (Areca catechu) Leaf Sheath
title Cohesion and Adhesion Performance of Tannin-Glyoxal Adhesives at Different Formulations and Hardener Types for Bonding Particleboard Made of Areca (Areca catechu) Leaf Sheath
title_full Cohesion and Adhesion Performance of Tannin-Glyoxal Adhesives at Different Formulations and Hardener Types for Bonding Particleboard Made of Areca (Areca catechu) Leaf Sheath
title_fullStr Cohesion and Adhesion Performance of Tannin-Glyoxal Adhesives at Different Formulations and Hardener Types for Bonding Particleboard Made of Areca (Areca catechu) Leaf Sheath
title_full_unstemmed Cohesion and Adhesion Performance of Tannin-Glyoxal Adhesives at Different Formulations and Hardener Types for Bonding Particleboard Made of Areca (Areca catechu) Leaf Sheath
title_short Cohesion and Adhesion Performance of Tannin-Glyoxal Adhesives at Different Formulations and Hardener Types for Bonding Particleboard Made of Areca (Areca catechu) Leaf Sheath
title_sort cohesion and adhesion performance of tannin-glyoxal adhesives at different formulations and hardener types for bonding particleboard made of areca (areca catechu) leaf sheath
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10458934/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37631482
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15163425
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