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Assessing the Acute Toxicological Effects of Annona muricata Leaf Ethanol Extract on Rats: Biochemical, Histopathological, and Metabolomics Analyses
Annona muricata is a common plant used in Africa and South America to manage various types of disease. However, there is insufficient toxicological information or published standard available regarding repeated dose animal toxicity data. As part of the safety assessment, we exposed Sprague Dawley ra...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2023
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10458951/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37624193 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxics11080688 |
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author | Zubaidi, Siti Norliyana Qadi, Wasim S. M. Maarof, Syahida Mohmad Misnan, Norazlan Mohammad Noor, Halimatul Saadiah Hamezah, Hamizah Shahirah Baharum, Syarul Nataqain Rosli, Nurwahyuna Jam, Faidruz Azura Al-Olayan, Ebtesam Wang, Chuanyi Hellal, Khaoula Buzgaia, Nawal Mediani, Ahmed |
author_facet | Zubaidi, Siti Norliyana Qadi, Wasim S. M. Maarof, Syahida Mohmad Misnan, Norazlan Mohammad Noor, Halimatul Saadiah Hamezah, Hamizah Shahirah Baharum, Syarul Nataqain Rosli, Nurwahyuna Jam, Faidruz Azura Al-Olayan, Ebtesam Wang, Chuanyi Hellal, Khaoula Buzgaia, Nawal Mediani, Ahmed |
author_sort | Zubaidi, Siti Norliyana |
collection | PubMed |
description | Annona muricata is a common plant used in Africa and South America to manage various types of disease. However, there is insufficient toxicological information or published standard available regarding repeated dose animal toxicity data. As part of the safety assessment, we exposed Sprague Dawley rats to an acute oral toxicity of A. muricata. The intent of the current study was to use advanced proton nuclear magnetic resonance ((1)H NMR) in serum and urinary metabolomics evaluation techniques to provide the in vivo acute toxicological profile of A. muricata leaf ethanol extract in accordance with the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development’s (OECD) 423 guidelines. A single 2000 mg/kg dose of A. muricata leaf ethanol extract was administered to Sprague Dawley rats over an observational period of 14 days. The toxicity evaluation (physical and behavior observation, body weight, renal function test, liver function test and (1)H NMR analysis) showed no abnormal toxicity. Histopathological analysis manifested mild changes, i.e., the treated kidney manifested mild hypercellularity of mesangial cells and mild red blood cell congestion. In addition, there was mild hemorrhage into tissue with scattered inflammatory cells and mild dilated central vein with fibrosis in the liver. However, the changes were very mild and not significant which correlate with other analyses conducted in this study (biochemical test and (1)H NMR metabolomic analysis). On the other hand, urinary (1)H NMR analysis collected on day 15 revealed high similarity on the metabolite variations for both untreated and treated groups. Importantly, the outcomes suggest that A. muricata leaf ethanol extract can be safely consumed at a dose of 2000 mg/kg and the LD(50) must be more than 2000 mg/kg. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-10458951 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-104589512023-08-27 Assessing the Acute Toxicological Effects of Annona muricata Leaf Ethanol Extract on Rats: Biochemical, Histopathological, and Metabolomics Analyses Zubaidi, Siti Norliyana Qadi, Wasim S. M. Maarof, Syahida Mohmad Misnan, Norazlan Mohammad Noor, Halimatul Saadiah Hamezah, Hamizah Shahirah Baharum, Syarul Nataqain Rosli, Nurwahyuna Jam, Faidruz Azura Al-Olayan, Ebtesam Wang, Chuanyi Hellal, Khaoula Buzgaia, Nawal Mediani, Ahmed Toxics Article Annona muricata is a common plant used in Africa and South America to manage various types of disease. However, there is insufficient toxicological information or published standard available regarding repeated dose animal toxicity data. As part of the safety assessment, we exposed Sprague Dawley rats to an acute oral toxicity of A. muricata. The intent of the current study was to use advanced proton nuclear magnetic resonance ((1)H NMR) in serum and urinary metabolomics evaluation techniques to provide the in vivo acute toxicological profile of A. muricata leaf ethanol extract in accordance with the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development’s (OECD) 423 guidelines. A single 2000 mg/kg dose of A. muricata leaf ethanol extract was administered to Sprague Dawley rats over an observational period of 14 days. The toxicity evaluation (physical and behavior observation, body weight, renal function test, liver function test and (1)H NMR analysis) showed no abnormal toxicity. Histopathological analysis manifested mild changes, i.e., the treated kidney manifested mild hypercellularity of mesangial cells and mild red blood cell congestion. In addition, there was mild hemorrhage into tissue with scattered inflammatory cells and mild dilated central vein with fibrosis in the liver. However, the changes were very mild and not significant which correlate with other analyses conducted in this study (biochemical test and (1)H NMR metabolomic analysis). On the other hand, urinary (1)H NMR analysis collected on day 15 revealed high similarity on the metabolite variations for both untreated and treated groups. Importantly, the outcomes suggest that A. muricata leaf ethanol extract can be safely consumed at a dose of 2000 mg/kg and the LD(50) must be more than 2000 mg/kg. MDPI 2023-08-10 /pmc/articles/PMC10458951/ /pubmed/37624193 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxics11080688 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Zubaidi, Siti Norliyana Qadi, Wasim S. M. Maarof, Syahida Mohmad Misnan, Norazlan Mohammad Noor, Halimatul Saadiah Hamezah, Hamizah Shahirah Baharum, Syarul Nataqain Rosli, Nurwahyuna Jam, Faidruz Azura Al-Olayan, Ebtesam Wang, Chuanyi Hellal, Khaoula Buzgaia, Nawal Mediani, Ahmed Assessing the Acute Toxicological Effects of Annona muricata Leaf Ethanol Extract on Rats: Biochemical, Histopathological, and Metabolomics Analyses |
title | Assessing the Acute Toxicological Effects of Annona muricata Leaf Ethanol Extract on Rats: Biochemical, Histopathological, and Metabolomics Analyses |
title_full | Assessing the Acute Toxicological Effects of Annona muricata Leaf Ethanol Extract on Rats: Biochemical, Histopathological, and Metabolomics Analyses |
title_fullStr | Assessing the Acute Toxicological Effects of Annona muricata Leaf Ethanol Extract on Rats: Biochemical, Histopathological, and Metabolomics Analyses |
title_full_unstemmed | Assessing the Acute Toxicological Effects of Annona muricata Leaf Ethanol Extract on Rats: Biochemical, Histopathological, and Metabolomics Analyses |
title_short | Assessing the Acute Toxicological Effects of Annona muricata Leaf Ethanol Extract on Rats: Biochemical, Histopathological, and Metabolomics Analyses |
title_sort | assessing the acute toxicological effects of annona muricata leaf ethanol extract on rats: biochemical, histopathological, and metabolomics analyses |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10458951/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37624193 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxics11080688 |
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