Effects of P:Ni Ratio on Methanol Steam Reforming on Nickel Phosphide Catalysts

This study investigates the influence of the phosphorus-to-nickel (P:Ni) ratio on methanol steam reforming (MSR) over nickel phosphide catalysts using density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The catalytic behavior of Ni(111) and Ni(12)P(5)(001) surfaces was explored and contrasted to our previous results from research on Ni(2)P(001). The DFT-predicted barriers reveal that Ni(111) predominantly favors the methanol decomposition route, where methanol is converted into carbon monoxide through a stepwise pathway involving CH(3)OH* → CH(3)O* → CH(2)O* → CHO* → CO*. On the other hand, Ni(12)P(5) with a P:Ni atomic ratio of 0.42 (5:12) exhibits a substantial increase in selectivity towards methanol steam reforming (MSR) relative to methanol decomposition. In this pathway, formaldehyde is transformed into CO(2) through a sequence of reactions involving CH(2)O*→ H(2)COOH* → HCOOH* → HCOO* → CO(2). The introduction of phosphorus into the catalyst alters the surface morphology and electronic structure, favoring the MSR pathway. However, with a further increase in the P:Ni atomic ratio to 0.5 (1:2) on Ni(2)P catalysts, the selectivity towards MSR decreases, resulting in a more balanced competition between methanol decomposition and MSR. These results highlight the significance of tuning the P:Ni atomic ratio in designing efficient catalysts for the selective production of CO(2) through the MSR route, offering valuable insights into optimizing nickel phosphide catalysts for desired chemical transformations.