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Clinical Utility of SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Titer Multiplied by Binding Avidity of Receptor-Binding Domain (RBD) in Monitoring Protective Immunity and Clinical Severity

Conventional serum antibody titer, which expresses antibody level, does not provide antigen binding avidity of the variable region of the antibody, which is essential for the defense response to infection. Here, we quantified anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody binding avidity to the receptor-binding domain (R...

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Autores principales: Takahashi, Etsuhisa, Sawabuchi, Takako, Homma, Tetsuya, Fukuda, Yosuke, Sagara, Hironori, Kinjo, Takeshi, Fujita, Kaori, Suga, Shigeru, Kimoto, Takashi, Sakai, Satoko, Kameda, Keiko, Kido, Hiroshi
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10459795/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37632005
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v15081662
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author Takahashi, Etsuhisa
Sawabuchi, Takako
Homma, Tetsuya
Fukuda, Yosuke
Sagara, Hironori
Kinjo, Takeshi
Fujita, Kaori
Suga, Shigeru
Kimoto, Takashi
Sakai, Satoko
Kameda, Keiko
Kido, Hiroshi
author_facet Takahashi, Etsuhisa
Sawabuchi, Takako
Homma, Tetsuya
Fukuda, Yosuke
Sagara, Hironori
Kinjo, Takeshi
Fujita, Kaori
Suga, Shigeru
Kimoto, Takashi
Sakai, Satoko
Kameda, Keiko
Kido, Hiroshi
author_sort Takahashi, Etsuhisa
collection PubMed
description Conventional serum antibody titer, which expresses antibody level, does not provide antigen binding avidity of the variable region of the antibody, which is essential for the defense response to infection. Here, we quantified anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody binding avidity to the receptor-binding domain (RBD) by competitive binding-inhibition activity (IC50) between SARS-CoV-2 S1 antigen immobilized on the DCP microarray and various RBD doses added to serum and expressed as 1/IC50 nM. The binding avidity analyzed under equilibrium conditions of antigen–antibody binding reaction is different from the avidity index measured with the chaotropic agent, such as urea, under nonequilibrium and short-time conditions. Quantitative determination of the infection-protection potential of antibodies was assessed by ABAT (antigen binding avidity antibody titer), which was calculated by the quantity (level) × quality (binding avidity) of antibodies. The binding avidity correlated strongly (r = 0.811) with cell-based virus-neutralizing activity. Maturation of the protective antibody induced by repeated vaccinations or SARS-CoV-2 infection was classified into three categories of ABAT, such as an initial, low, and high ABAT. Antibody maturity correlated with the clinical severity of COVID-19. Once a mature high binding avidity was achieved, it was maintained for at least 6–8 months regardless of the subsequent change in the antibody levels.
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spelling pubmed-104597952023-08-27 Clinical Utility of SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Titer Multiplied by Binding Avidity of Receptor-Binding Domain (RBD) in Monitoring Protective Immunity and Clinical Severity Takahashi, Etsuhisa Sawabuchi, Takako Homma, Tetsuya Fukuda, Yosuke Sagara, Hironori Kinjo, Takeshi Fujita, Kaori Suga, Shigeru Kimoto, Takashi Sakai, Satoko Kameda, Keiko Kido, Hiroshi Viruses Article Conventional serum antibody titer, which expresses antibody level, does not provide antigen binding avidity of the variable region of the antibody, which is essential for the defense response to infection. Here, we quantified anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody binding avidity to the receptor-binding domain (RBD) by competitive binding-inhibition activity (IC50) between SARS-CoV-2 S1 antigen immobilized on the DCP microarray and various RBD doses added to serum and expressed as 1/IC50 nM. The binding avidity analyzed under equilibrium conditions of antigen–antibody binding reaction is different from the avidity index measured with the chaotropic agent, such as urea, under nonequilibrium and short-time conditions. Quantitative determination of the infection-protection potential of antibodies was assessed by ABAT (antigen binding avidity antibody titer), which was calculated by the quantity (level) × quality (binding avidity) of antibodies. The binding avidity correlated strongly (r = 0.811) with cell-based virus-neutralizing activity. Maturation of the protective antibody induced by repeated vaccinations or SARS-CoV-2 infection was classified into three categories of ABAT, such as an initial, low, and high ABAT. Antibody maturity correlated with the clinical severity of COVID-19. Once a mature high binding avidity was achieved, it was maintained for at least 6–8 months regardless of the subsequent change in the antibody levels. MDPI 2023-07-30 /pmc/articles/PMC10459795/ /pubmed/37632005 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v15081662 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Takahashi, Etsuhisa
Sawabuchi, Takako
Homma, Tetsuya
Fukuda, Yosuke
Sagara, Hironori
Kinjo, Takeshi
Fujita, Kaori
Suga, Shigeru
Kimoto, Takashi
Sakai, Satoko
Kameda, Keiko
Kido, Hiroshi
Clinical Utility of SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Titer Multiplied by Binding Avidity of Receptor-Binding Domain (RBD) in Monitoring Protective Immunity and Clinical Severity
title Clinical Utility of SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Titer Multiplied by Binding Avidity of Receptor-Binding Domain (RBD) in Monitoring Protective Immunity and Clinical Severity
title_full Clinical Utility of SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Titer Multiplied by Binding Avidity of Receptor-Binding Domain (RBD) in Monitoring Protective Immunity and Clinical Severity
title_fullStr Clinical Utility of SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Titer Multiplied by Binding Avidity of Receptor-Binding Domain (RBD) in Monitoring Protective Immunity and Clinical Severity
title_full_unstemmed Clinical Utility of SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Titer Multiplied by Binding Avidity of Receptor-Binding Domain (RBD) in Monitoring Protective Immunity and Clinical Severity
title_short Clinical Utility of SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Titer Multiplied by Binding Avidity of Receptor-Binding Domain (RBD) in Monitoring Protective Immunity and Clinical Severity
title_sort clinical utility of sars-cov-2 antibody titer multiplied by binding avidity of receptor-binding domain (rbd) in monitoring protective immunity and clinical severity
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10459795/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37632005
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v15081662
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