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Retinal Vein Occlusion after COVID-19 Vaccination—A Review
Background Retinal vein occlusion (RVO) occurring after COVID-19 vaccination has been reported worldwide. Such a sight-threatening condition occurring after COVID-19 vaccination is a menace to ophthalmic health. This article reviews current evidence related to post-COVID-19 vaccination RVO. Method A...
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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MDPI
2023
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10459858/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37631850 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11081281 |
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author | Leung, Ho-Man Au, Sunny Chi-Lik |
author_facet | Leung, Ho-Man Au, Sunny Chi-Lik |
author_sort | Leung, Ho-Man |
collection | PubMed |
description | Background Retinal vein occlusion (RVO) occurring after COVID-19 vaccination has been reported worldwide. Such a sight-threatening condition occurring after COVID-19 vaccination is a menace to ophthalmic health. This article reviews current evidence related to post-COVID-19 vaccination RVO. Method A total of 29 relevant articles identified on PubMed in January 2023 were selected for review. Observation All cases presented to ophthalmologists with visual loss shortly after COVID-19 vaccination. Mean and median age were both 58. No sex predominance was observed. RVO was diagnosed from findings on dilated fundal examination and ophthalmic imaging. AstraZeneca and BNT vaccines accounted for most cases. Vascular risk factors, e.g., diabetes mellitus and hypertension, were common. Most laboratory tests requested came back unremarkable. Most patients responded well to standard treatment, except those with ophthalmic comorbidities. Visual prognosis was excellent on short-term follow-up. Discussion The causality between RVO and COVID-19 vaccination is undeterminable because of the nature of articles, heterogenous reporting styles, contradicting laboratory findings and co-existing vascular risk factors. Vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia, retinal vasculitis and homocysteinaemia were proposed to explain post-vaccination RVO. Large-scale studies have demonstrated that the incidence of RVO following COVID vaccination is very low. Nevertheless, the effects of boosters on retinal vasculature and ophthalmic health are still unclear. Conclusions The benefits of COVID-19 vaccination are believed to outweigh its ophthalmic risks. To ensure safe vaccination, the prior optimisation of comorbidities and post-vaccination monitoring are important. COVID-19 vaccines (including boosters) should be offered with reasonable confidence. Further studies are warranted to elucidate the ophthalmic impact of vaccines. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-10459858 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-104598582023-08-27 Retinal Vein Occlusion after COVID-19 Vaccination—A Review Leung, Ho-Man Au, Sunny Chi-Lik Vaccines (Basel) Brief Report Background Retinal vein occlusion (RVO) occurring after COVID-19 vaccination has been reported worldwide. Such a sight-threatening condition occurring after COVID-19 vaccination is a menace to ophthalmic health. This article reviews current evidence related to post-COVID-19 vaccination RVO. Method A total of 29 relevant articles identified on PubMed in January 2023 were selected for review. Observation All cases presented to ophthalmologists with visual loss shortly after COVID-19 vaccination. Mean and median age were both 58. No sex predominance was observed. RVO was diagnosed from findings on dilated fundal examination and ophthalmic imaging. AstraZeneca and BNT vaccines accounted for most cases. Vascular risk factors, e.g., diabetes mellitus and hypertension, were common. Most laboratory tests requested came back unremarkable. Most patients responded well to standard treatment, except those with ophthalmic comorbidities. Visual prognosis was excellent on short-term follow-up. Discussion The causality between RVO and COVID-19 vaccination is undeterminable because of the nature of articles, heterogenous reporting styles, contradicting laboratory findings and co-existing vascular risk factors. Vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia, retinal vasculitis and homocysteinaemia were proposed to explain post-vaccination RVO. Large-scale studies have demonstrated that the incidence of RVO following COVID vaccination is very low. Nevertheless, the effects of boosters on retinal vasculature and ophthalmic health are still unclear. Conclusions The benefits of COVID-19 vaccination are believed to outweigh its ophthalmic risks. To ensure safe vaccination, the prior optimisation of comorbidities and post-vaccination monitoring are important. COVID-19 vaccines (including boosters) should be offered with reasonable confidence. Further studies are warranted to elucidate the ophthalmic impact of vaccines. MDPI 2023-07-26 /pmc/articles/PMC10459858/ /pubmed/37631850 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11081281 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Brief Report Leung, Ho-Man Au, Sunny Chi-Lik Retinal Vein Occlusion after COVID-19 Vaccination—A Review |
title | Retinal Vein Occlusion after COVID-19 Vaccination—A Review |
title_full | Retinal Vein Occlusion after COVID-19 Vaccination—A Review |
title_fullStr | Retinal Vein Occlusion after COVID-19 Vaccination—A Review |
title_full_unstemmed | Retinal Vein Occlusion after COVID-19 Vaccination—A Review |
title_short | Retinal Vein Occlusion after COVID-19 Vaccination—A Review |
title_sort | retinal vein occlusion after covid-19 vaccination—a review |
topic | Brief Report |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10459858/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37631850 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11081281 |
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