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An Overview of Antimicrobial Resistance in Saudi Arabia (2013–2023) and the Need for National Surveillance
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a well-recognized global threat. The World Health Organization (WHO) issued a report ranking the critical types of bacterial resistance that need to be monitored. Several studies from individual institutions in Saudi Arabia have reported rates of antimicrobial resis...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2023
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10460018/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37630646 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11082086 |
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author | Thabit, Abrar K. Alabbasi, Afaq Y. Alnezary, Faris S. Almasoudi, Imtinan A. |
author_facet | Thabit, Abrar K. Alabbasi, Afaq Y. Alnezary, Faris S. Almasoudi, Imtinan A. |
author_sort | Thabit, Abrar K. |
collection | PubMed |
description | Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a well-recognized global threat. The World Health Organization (WHO) issued a report ranking the critical types of bacterial resistance that need to be monitored. Several studies from individual institutions in Saudi Arabia have reported rates of antimicrobial resistance using automated methods. However, no national surveillance study has been conducted to date using gold standard methods for antimicrobial susceptibility testing. This review summarizes AMR rates for major bacterial pathogens in Saudi Arabia and provides a justification for the need for a national surveillance project. In Saudi Arabia, AMR rates for both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria are on the rise. Surveillance studies help identify AMR trends and emergence of outbreaks. The WHO has started a program, the Global Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance System (GLASS), encouraging its member states, including Saudi Arabia, to conduct antimicrobial surveillance studies to estimate AMR rates worldwide. Of the microbiological methods used to test antimicrobial susceptibility, only broth microdilution (BMD) is considered the “gold standard.” As AMR studies in Saudi Arabia are sparse, mostly limited to single centers and were conducted using automated methods, a national AMR surveillance project is needed to evaluate the current status and to inform stewardship decisions. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-10460018 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-104600182023-08-27 An Overview of Antimicrobial Resistance in Saudi Arabia (2013–2023) and the Need for National Surveillance Thabit, Abrar K. Alabbasi, Afaq Y. Alnezary, Faris S. Almasoudi, Imtinan A. Microorganisms Review Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a well-recognized global threat. The World Health Organization (WHO) issued a report ranking the critical types of bacterial resistance that need to be monitored. Several studies from individual institutions in Saudi Arabia have reported rates of antimicrobial resistance using automated methods. However, no national surveillance study has been conducted to date using gold standard methods for antimicrobial susceptibility testing. This review summarizes AMR rates for major bacterial pathogens in Saudi Arabia and provides a justification for the need for a national surveillance project. In Saudi Arabia, AMR rates for both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria are on the rise. Surveillance studies help identify AMR trends and emergence of outbreaks. The WHO has started a program, the Global Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance System (GLASS), encouraging its member states, including Saudi Arabia, to conduct antimicrobial surveillance studies to estimate AMR rates worldwide. Of the microbiological methods used to test antimicrobial susceptibility, only broth microdilution (BMD) is considered the “gold standard.” As AMR studies in Saudi Arabia are sparse, mostly limited to single centers and were conducted using automated methods, a national AMR surveillance project is needed to evaluate the current status and to inform stewardship decisions. MDPI 2023-08-15 /pmc/articles/PMC10460018/ /pubmed/37630646 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11082086 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Thabit, Abrar K. Alabbasi, Afaq Y. Alnezary, Faris S. Almasoudi, Imtinan A. An Overview of Antimicrobial Resistance in Saudi Arabia (2013–2023) and the Need for National Surveillance |
title | An Overview of Antimicrobial Resistance in Saudi Arabia (2013–2023) and the Need for National Surveillance |
title_full | An Overview of Antimicrobial Resistance in Saudi Arabia (2013–2023) and the Need for National Surveillance |
title_fullStr | An Overview of Antimicrobial Resistance in Saudi Arabia (2013–2023) and the Need for National Surveillance |
title_full_unstemmed | An Overview of Antimicrobial Resistance in Saudi Arabia (2013–2023) and the Need for National Surveillance |
title_short | An Overview of Antimicrobial Resistance in Saudi Arabia (2013–2023) and the Need for National Surveillance |
title_sort | overview of antimicrobial resistance in saudi arabia (2013–2023) and the need for national surveillance |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10460018/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37630646 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11082086 |
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