Design of 8-mer peptides that block Clostridioides difficile toxin A in intestinal cells

Infections by Clostridioides difficile, a bacterium that targets the large intestine (colon), impact a large number of people worldwide. Bacterial colonization is mediated by two exotoxins: toxins A and B. Short peptides that can be delivered to the gut and inhibit the biocatalytic activity of these toxins represent a promising therapeutic strategy to prevent and treat C. diff. infection. We describe an approach that combines a Peptide Binding Design (PepBD) algorithm, molecular-level simulations, a rapid screening assay to evaluate peptide:toxin binding, a primary human cell-based assay, and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) measurements to develop peptide inhibitors that block Toxin A in colon epithelial cells. One peptide, SA1, is found to block TcdA toxicity in primary-derived human colon (large intestinal) epithelial cells. SA1 binds TcdA with a K(D) of 56.1 ± 29.8 nM as measured by surface plasmon resonance (SPR).