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Ketogenic diet for mood disorders from animal models to clinical application

Mood disorders such as major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar disorder (BD) are often resistant to current pharmacological treatment. Therefore, various alternative therapeutic approaches including diets are, therefore, under investigation. Ketogenic diet (KD) is effective for treatment-resista...

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Autores principales: Smolensky, Ilya V., Zajac-Bakri, Kilian, Gass, Peter, Inta, Dragos
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Springer Vienna 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10460725/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36943505
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00702-023-02620-x
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author Smolensky, Ilya V.
Zajac-Bakri, Kilian
Gass, Peter
Inta, Dragos
author_facet Smolensky, Ilya V.
Zajac-Bakri, Kilian
Gass, Peter
Inta, Dragos
author_sort Smolensky, Ilya V.
collection PubMed
description Mood disorders such as major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar disorder (BD) are often resistant to current pharmacological treatment. Therefore, various alternative therapeutic approaches including diets are, therefore, under investigation. Ketogenic diet (KD) is effective for treatment-resistant epilepsy and metabolic diseases, however, only a few clinical studies suggest its beneficial effect also for mental disorders. Animal models are a useful tool to uncover the underlying mechanisms of therapeutic effects. Women have a twice-higher prevalence of mood disorders but very little is known about sex differences in nutritional psychiatry. In this review, we aim to summarize current knowledge of the sex-specific effects of KD in mood disorders. Ketone bodies improve mitochondrial functions and suppress oxidative stress, inducing neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects which are both beneficial for mental health. Limited data also suggest KD-induced improvement of monoaminergic circuits and hypothalamus–pituitary–adrenal axis—the key pathophysiological pathways of mood disorders. Gut microbiome is an important mediator of the beneficial and detrimental effects of diet on brain functioning and mental health. Gut microbiota composition is affected in mood disorders but its role in the therapeutic effects of different diets, including KD, remains poorly understood. Still little is known about sex differences in the effects of KD on mental health as well as on metabolism and body weight. Some animal studies used both sexes but did not find differences in behavior, body weight loss or gut microbiota composition. More studies, both on a preclinical and clinical level, are needed to better understand sex-specific effects of KD on mental health.
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spelling pubmed-104607252023-08-29 Ketogenic diet for mood disorders from animal models to clinical application Smolensky, Ilya V. Zajac-Bakri, Kilian Gass, Peter Inta, Dragos J Neural Transm (Vienna) Psychiatry and Preclinical Psychiatric Studies - Review Article Mood disorders such as major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar disorder (BD) are often resistant to current pharmacological treatment. Therefore, various alternative therapeutic approaches including diets are, therefore, under investigation. Ketogenic diet (KD) is effective for treatment-resistant epilepsy and metabolic diseases, however, only a few clinical studies suggest its beneficial effect also for mental disorders. Animal models are a useful tool to uncover the underlying mechanisms of therapeutic effects. Women have a twice-higher prevalence of mood disorders but very little is known about sex differences in nutritional psychiatry. In this review, we aim to summarize current knowledge of the sex-specific effects of KD in mood disorders. Ketone bodies improve mitochondrial functions and suppress oxidative stress, inducing neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects which are both beneficial for mental health. Limited data also suggest KD-induced improvement of monoaminergic circuits and hypothalamus–pituitary–adrenal axis—the key pathophysiological pathways of mood disorders. Gut microbiome is an important mediator of the beneficial and detrimental effects of diet on brain functioning and mental health. Gut microbiota composition is affected in mood disorders but its role in the therapeutic effects of different diets, including KD, remains poorly understood. Still little is known about sex differences in the effects of KD on mental health as well as on metabolism and body weight. Some animal studies used both sexes but did not find differences in behavior, body weight loss or gut microbiota composition. More studies, both on a preclinical and clinical level, are needed to better understand sex-specific effects of KD on mental health. Springer Vienna 2023-03-21 2023 /pmc/articles/PMC10460725/ /pubmed/36943505 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00702-023-02620-x Text en © The Author(s) 2023 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) .
spellingShingle Psychiatry and Preclinical Psychiatric Studies - Review Article
Smolensky, Ilya V.
Zajac-Bakri, Kilian
Gass, Peter
Inta, Dragos
Ketogenic diet for mood disorders from animal models to clinical application
title Ketogenic diet for mood disorders from animal models to clinical application
title_full Ketogenic diet for mood disorders from animal models to clinical application
title_fullStr Ketogenic diet for mood disorders from animal models to clinical application
title_full_unstemmed Ketogenic diet for mood disorders from animal models to clinical application
title_short Ketogenic diet for mood disorders from animal models to clinical application
title_sort ketogenic diet for mood disorders from animal models to clinical application
topic Psychiatry and Preclinical Psychiatric Studies - Review Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10460725/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36943505
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00702-023-02620-x
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