Insight in patients with bipolar disorder: Findings from the bipolar disorder course and outcome study from India (BiD-CoIN study)

BACKGROUND: There are limited number of studies evaluating insight among patients with bipolar disorder (BD). AIM: This study aimed to examine insight and its correlates in BD using the data from the multicenter BD course and outcome study from India (BiD-CoIN). The additional aim was to evaluate the insight in patients with BD using different scales and understand the correlates of insight. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 773 BD patients presently in clinical remission were evaluated on the Insight Scale for Affective Disorders (ISAD), insight items of the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS), and the Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS). RESULTS: The assessment scales influenced the prevalence of poor insight. Poorer insight irrespective of the assessment scale was consistently associated with higher residual depressive and manic symptoms, and a higher level of cognitive impairment and disability. Poor insight as assessed by ISAD was associated with a higher number of episodes in the lifetime, shorter duration of current remission, a higher number of depressive episodes, a higher amount of time spent in depressive episodes, higher depressive affective morbidity, a higher number of manic episodes, and higher residual depressive and manic symptoms. CONCLUSION: Poor insight in BD is consistently associated with higher residual depressive and manic symptoms and a higher level of cognitive impairment and disability. However, in terms of course variables, the correlates vary depending on the assessment method.