Re-exacerbation within 30 days of discharge is associated with poor prognosis in the following year among patients hospitalised with exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a clinical cohort study

BACKGROUND: Exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (ECOPD) is a complex phenomenon, with marked heterogeneity in the aetiology, pathophysiology and clinical manifestations. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical characteristics and long-term outcomes of patients with 30-day exacerbation among those hospitalised with ECOPD in China. METHODS: Data from the Acute Exacerbations of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Inpatient Registry were used in this study. The patients were divided into re-event and non-event groups based on the incidence of re-exacerbation within 30 days of discharge. Exacerbation, severe exacerbation and all-cause readmissions in the following 12 months were the outcomes of interest. The cumulative incidence rates and incidence densities were calculated. Multivariate hazard function models were used to determine the association between 30-day re-exacerbation and the long-term outcomes after accounting for the competing risk of death. RESULTS: Re-exacerbation within 30 days of discharge was observed in 4.9% (n=242) of the patients (n=4963). The cumulative incidence rates and incidence densities of exacerbation, severe exacerbation and all-cause readmissions in the event group were significantly higher than those in the non-event group. After adjustment, re-exacerbation within 30 days of discharge was associated with increased risks of exacerbation, severe exacerbation and all-cause readmissions in the following 12 months (adjusted HR: 3.85 (95% CI: 3.09 to 4.80), 3.46 (2.66 to 4.50) and 3.28 (2.52 to 4.25) accordingly). CONCLUSION: Re-exacerbation of COPD within 30 days of discharge is a significant predictor of long-term prognosis. In clinical practice, short-term re-exacerbation is a significant clinical phenotype of ECOPD that requires careful management at the earliest.