Evaluation of convolutional neural networks for the detection of inter-breath-hold motion from a stack of cardiac short axis slice images

PURPOSE: This study aimed to develop and validate a deep learning-based method that detects inter-breath-hold motion from an estimated cardiac long axis image reconstructed from a stack of short axis cardiac cine images. METHODS: Cardiac cine magnetic resonance image data from all short axis slices and 2-/3-/4-chamber long axis slices were considered for the study. Data from 740 subjects were used for model development, and data from 491 subjects were used for testing. The method utilized the slice orientation information to calculate the intersection line of a short axis plane and a long axis plane. An estimated long axis image is shown along with a long axis image as a motion-free reference image, which enables visual assessment of the inter-breath-hold motion from the estimated long axis image. The estimated long axis image was labeled as either a motion-corrupted or a motion-free image. Deep convolutional neural network (CNN) models were developed and validated using the labeled data. RESULTS: The method was fully automatic in obtaining long axis images reformatted from a 3D stack of short axis slices and predicting the presence/absence of inter-breath-hold motion. The deep CNN model with EfficientNet-B0 as a feature extractor was effective at motion detection with an area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUC) curve of 0.87 for the testing data. CONCLUSION: The proposed method can automatically assess inter-breath-hold motion in a stack of cardiac cine short axis slices. The method can help prospectively reacquire problematic short axis slices or retrospectively correct motion. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12880-023-01070-x.