Gorham–Stout syndrome, the challenge in diagnosis and unique in treatment: a case report

BACKGROUND: Gorham–Stout disease is a rare condition with fewer than 400 reported cases in the literature. The presentation of Gorham–Stout disease varies on the basis of location, extent, fracture, and accompanying symptoms. It lacks a specific histopathological appearance but is characterized by vascular changes and the absence of cellular atypia. CASE PRESENTATION: This article presents a case study of a 16-year-old Persian boy with an entire femur with Gorham–Stout disease, highlighting the difficulties in managing this condition. The lack of a clear diagnosis resulted in prolonged procedures, delayed medical treatments, and ultimately required total femoral replacement with an endoprosthesis. CONCLUSION: It is important to note that raising awareness of this disease and its potential complications can facilitate timely and appropriate treatment for patients presenting in the early stages of the disease.