Opening of Cx43-formed hemichannels mediates the Ca(2+) signaling associated with endothelial cell migration

Endothelial cell migration is a key process in angiogenesis. Progress of endothelial cell migration is orchestrated by coordinated generation of Ca(2+) signals through a mechanism organized in caveolar microdomains. Connexins (Cx) play a central role in coordination of endothelial cell function, directly by cell-to-cell communication via gap junction and, indirectly, by the release of autocrine/paracrine signals through Cx-formed hemichannels. However, Cx hemichannels are also permeable to Ca(2+) and Cx43 can be associated with caveolin-1, a structural protein of caveolae. We proposed that endothelial cell migration relies on Cx43 hemichannel opening. Here we show a novel mechanism of Ca(2+) signaling in endothelial cell migration. The Ca(2+) signaling that mediates endothelial cell migration and the subsequent tubular structure formation depended on Cx43 hemichannel opening and is associated with the translocation of Cx43 with caveolae to the rear part of the cells. These findings indicate that Cx43 hemichannels play a central role in endothelial cell migration and provide new therapeutic targets for the control of deregulated angiogenesis in pathological conditions such as cancer. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13062-023-00408-3.