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Spatial spillover impact of determinants on child mortality in Pakistan: evidence from Spatial Durbin Model

BACKGROUND: Child mortality is a major challenge to public health in Pakistan and other developing countries. Reduction of the child mortality rate would improve public health and enhance human well-being and prosperity. This study recognizes the spatial clusters of child mortality across districts...

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Autores principales: Sheikh, Muhammad Ramzan, Khan, Sami Ullah, Ahmed, Munir, Ahmad, Rashid, Abbas, Asad, Ullah, Irfan
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: BioMed Central 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10464234/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37612693
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12889-023-16526-6
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author Sheikh, Muhammad Ramzan
Khan, Sami Ullah
Ahmed, Munir
Ahmad, Rashid
Abbas, Asad
Ullah, Irfan
author_facet Sheikh, Muhammad Ramzan
Khan, Sami Ullah
Ahmed, Munir
Ahmad, Rashid
Abbas, Asad
Ullah, Irfan
author_sort Sheikh, Muhammad Ramzan
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: Child mortality is a major challenge to public health in Pakistan and other developing countries. Reduction of the child mortality rate would improve public health and enhance human well-being and prosperity. This study recognizes the spatial clusters of child mortality across districts of Pakistan and identifies the direct and spatial spillover effects of determinants on the Child Mortality Rate (CMR). METHOD: Data of the multiple indicators cluster survey (MICS) conducted by the United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund (UNICEF) was used to study the CMR. We used spatial univariate autocorrelation to test the spatial dependence between contiguous districts concerning CMR. We also applied the Spatial Durbin Model (SDM) to measure the spatial spillover effects of factors on CMR. RESULTS: The study results showed 31% significant spatial association across the districts and identified a cluster of hot spots characterized by the high-high CMR in the districts of Punjab province. The empirical analysis of the SDM confirmed that the direct and spatial spillover effect of the poorest wealth quintile and MPI vulnerability on CMR is positive whereas access to postnatal care to the newly born child and improved drinking water has negatively (directly and indirectly) determined the CMR in Pakistan. CONCLUSION: The instant results concluded that spatial dependence and significant spatial spillover effects concerning CMR exist across districts. Prioritization of the hot spot districts characterized by higher CMR can significantly reduce the CMR with improvement in financial statuses of households from the poorest quintile and MPI vulnerability as well as improvement in accessibility to postnatal care services and safe drinking water. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-023-16526-6.
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spelling pubmed-104642342023-08-30 Spatial spillover impact of determinants on child mortality in Pakistan: evidence from Spatial Durbin Model Sheikh, Muhammad Ramzan Khan, Sami Ullah Ahmed, Munir Ahmad, Rashid Abbas, Asad Ullah, Irfan BMC Public Health Research BACKGROUND: Child mortality is a major challenge to public health in Pakistan and other developing countries. Reduction of the child mortality rate would improve public health and enhance human well-being and prosperity. This study recognizes the spatial clusters of child mortality across districts of Pakistan and identifies the direct and spatial spillover effects of determinants on the Child Mortality Rate (CMR). METHOD: Data of the multiple indicators cluster survey (MICS) conducted by the United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund (UNICEF) was used to study the CMR. We used spatial univariate autocorrelation to test the spatial dependence between contiguous districts concerning CMR. We also applied the Spatial Durbin Model (SDM) to measure the spatial spillover effects of factors on CMR. RESULTS: The study results showed 31% significant spatial association across the districts and identified a cluster of hot spots characterized by the high-high CMR in the districts of Punjab province. The empirical analysis of the SDM confirmed that the direct and spatial spillover effect of the poorest wealth quintile and MPI vulnerability on CMR is positive whereas access to postnatal care to the newly born child and improved drinking water has negatively (directly and indirectly) determined the CMR in Pakistan. CONCLUSION: The instant results concluded that spatial dependence and significant spatial spillover effects concerning CMR exist across districts. Prioritization of the hot spot districts characterized by higher CMR can significantly reduce the CMR with improvement in financial statuses of households from the poorest quintile and MPI vulnerability as well as improvement in accessibility to postnatal care services and safe drinking water. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-023-16526-6. BioMed Central 2023-08-24 /pmc/articles/PMC10464234/ /pubmed/37612693 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12889-023-16526-6 Text en © The Author(s) 2023 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) ) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.
spellingShingle Research
Sheikh, Muhammad Ramzan
Khan, Sami Ullah
Ahmed, Munir
Ahmad, Rashid
Abbas, Asad
Ullah, Irfan
Spatial spillover impact of determinants on child mortality in Pakistan: evidence from Spatial Durbin Model
title Spatial spillover impact of determinants on child mortality in Pakistan: evidence from Spatial Durbin Model
title_full Spatial spillover impact of determinants on child mortality in Pakistan: evidence from Spatial Durbin Model
title_fullStr Spatial spillover impact of determinants on child mortality in Pakistan: evidence from Spatial Durbin Model
title_full_unstemmed Spatial spillover impact of determinants on child mortality in Pakistan: evidence from Spatial Durbin Model
title_short Spatial spillover impact of determinants on child mortality in Pakistan: evidence from Spatial Durbin Model
title_sort spatial spillover impact of determinants on child mortality in pakistan: evidence from spatial durbin model
topic Research
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10464234/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37612693
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12889-023-16526-6
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