Assessing the Impact of Hepatitis B Elimination Program on Maternal-Infant Health in West Java, Indonesia: A Cross-Sectional Study

BACKGROUND: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection during pregnancy is a significant concern due to the risk of vertical transmission to the newborn, posing serious health complications. Understanding the effectiveness of intervention programs is paramount, especially in regions where comprehensive research is sparse. This study delves into the efficacy of the HBV elimination program in Garut Regency, West Java, Indonesia, targeting pregnant women and their newborns. MATERIAL/METHODS: This cross-sectional research encompassed 100 HBsAg-positive pregnant women who delivered at a singular facility in Garut Regency and their 62 offspring. Clinical data collection was rigorous, and HBsAg status was determined using rapid test kits, employing the precision of the 2-sided sandwich assay immunochromatography method. Data interpretation was multifaceted, involving univariate, bivariate, and multiple regression logistic analyses. RESULTS: Notably, 16.95% of women, previously diagnosed as HBsAg-negative by initial health assessments, were subsequently diagnosed as positive at the specialized referral hospital. A noteworthy finding was that children administered with the HBV vaccine manifested a significantly diminished Positive-HBsAg status (P=0.029). Intriguingly, a majority of the maternal variables displayed a direct correlation with the HBsAg status of their offspring. The protective role of the HBV vaccine against HBV infection stood out distinctly (OR=0.326; CI 0.019–5.554; P=0.029). CONCLUSIONS: While our center successfully met the desired HBsAg testing coverage in pregnant women, the administration of the hepatitis B vaccine to infants born to HBsAg-positive mothers lags behind the intended target. Emphasizing the vaccination’s vital role, our study underscores its significance as a frontline defense for such infants.