Gefährdet der Pflegepersonalmangel auf neonatologischen Intensivstationen die Versorgungssicherheit Neugeborener?: Das Projekt „Maria und Josef“

BACKGROUND: Germany has been experiencing a dramatic shortage of nursing staff for years that particularly affects neonatal intensive care units (NICUs). It is assumed that this situation leads to reductions in bed capacities, resulting in negative effects on the healthcare of newborns. These were investigated through a retrospective observational study using the example of three NICUs at the University Hospital of Munich (LMU). METHODS: For the four-year observation period from August 2017 to May 2021, time series data from the “Quality Assurance Guideline for Premature and Mature Infants” (QFR-RL) of the Federal Joint Committee, bed resource analysis, planned personnel statistics, clinical logout data, and rescue service data were mutually examined using descriptive statistics and regression analysis. RESULTS: During the observation period, around 21% of the necessary nursing staff positions were vacant, although the quality of nursing care for newborns seemed to have been guaranteed. However, to ensure quality, given the staff shortage, several available beds had to be blocked. In this context, both an increase in the number of hours the wards were logged off from population care and an increase in the relative risk of neonatal intensive care transfer were observed, resulting in a transfer every three days on average. DISCUSSION: A shortage of nursing staff reduces the neonatal hospital bed capacity, since neonatal nursing care quality is regulated by strict legally binding guidelines, the QFR-RL. This is why the consequences for the security of care for the population through hospital cancellations and a risk of transfer must be accepted on a regular basis.