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Inequality in the Distribution of Air Pollution Attributable Mortality Within Canadian Cities

Recent studies have identified inequality in the distribution of air pollution attributable health impacts, but to our knowledge this has not been examined in Canadian cities. We evaluated the extent and sources of inequality in air pollution attributable mortality at the census tract (CT) level in...

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Autores principales: Stieb, David M., Smith‐Doiron, Marc, Quick, Matthew, Christidis, Tanya, Xi, Guoliang, Miles, Rosalin M., van Donkelaar, Aaron, Martin, Randall V., Hystad, Perry, Tjepkema, Michael
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10465848/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37654974
http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2023GH000816
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author Stieb, David M.
Smith‐Doiron, Marc
Quick, Matthew
Christidis, Tanya
Xi, Guoliang
Miles, Rosalin M.
van Donkelaar, Aaron
Martin, Randall V.
Hystad, Perry
Tjepkema, Michael
author_facet Stieb, David M.
Smith‐Doiron, Marc
Quick, Matthew
Christidis, Tanya
Xi, Guoliang
Miles, Rosalin M.
van Donkelaar, Aaron
Martin, Randall V.
Hystad, Perry
Tjepkema, Michael
author_sort Stieb, David M.
collection PubMed
description Recent studies have identified inequality in the distribution of air pollution attributable health impacts, but to our knowledge this has not been examined in Canadian cities. We evaluated the extent and sources of inequality in air pollution attributable mortality at the census tract (CT) level in seven of Canada's largest cities. We first regressed fine particulate matter (PM(2.5)) and nitrogen dioxide (NO(2)) attributable mortality against the neighborhood (CT) level prevalence of age 65 and older, low income, low educational attainment, and identification as an Indigenous (First Nations, Métis, Inuit) or Black person, accounting for spatial autocorrelation. We next examined the distribution of baseline mortality rates, PM(2.5) and NO(2) concentrations, and attributable mortality by neighborhood (CT) level prevalence of these characteristics, calculating the concentration index, Atkinson index, and Gini coefficient. Finally, we conducted a counterfactual analysis of the impact of reducing baseline mortality rates and air pollution concentrations on inequality in air pollution attributable mortality. Regression results indicated that CTs with a higher prevalence of low income and Indigenous identity had significantly higher air pollution attributable mortality. Concentration index, Atkinson index, and Gini coefficient values revealed different degrees of inequality among the cities. Counterfactual analysis indicated that inequality in air pollution attributable mortality tended to be driven more by baseline mortality inequalities than exposure inequalities. Reducing inequality in air pollution attributable mortality requires reducing disparities in both baseline mortality and air pollution exposure.
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spelling pubmed-104658482023-08-31 Inequality in the Distribution of Air Pollution Attributable Mortality Within Canadian Cities Stieb, David M. Smith‐Doiron, Marc Quick, Matthew Christidis, Tanya Xi, Guoliang Miles, Rosalin M. van Donkelaar, Aaron Martin, Randall V. Hystad, Perry Tjepkema, Michael Geohealth Research Article Recent studies have identified inequality in the distribution of air pollution attributable health impacts, but to our knowledge this has not been examined in Canadian cities. We evaluated the extent and sources of inequality in air pollution attributable mortality at the census tract (CT) level in seven of Canada's largest cities. We first regressed fine particulate matter (PM(2.5)) and nitrogen dioxide (NO(2)) attributable mortality against the neighborhood (CT) level prevalence of age 65 and older, low income, low educational attainment, and identification as an Indigenous (First Nations, Métis, Inuit) or Black person, accounting for spatial autocorrelation. We next examined the distribution of baseline mortality rates, PM(2.5) and NO(2) concentrations, and attributable mortality by neighborhood (CT) level prevalence of these characteristics, calculating the concentration index, Atkinson index, and Gini coefficient. Finally, we conducted a counterfactual analysis of the impact of reducing baseline mortality rates and air pollution concentrations on inequality in air pollution attributable mortality. Regression results indicated that CTs with a higher prevalence of low income and Indigenous identity had significantly higher air pollution attributable mortality. Concentration index, Atkinson index, and Gini coefficient values revealed different degrees of inequality among the cities. Counterfactual analysis indicated that inequality in air pollution attributable mortality tended to be driven more by baseline mortality inequalities than exposure inequalities. Reducing inequality in air pollution attributable mortality requires reducing disparities in both baseline mortality and air pollution exposure. John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2023-08-29 /pmc/articles/PMC10465848/ /pubmed/37654974 http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2023GH000816 Text en © 2023 His Majesty the King in Right of Canada and The Authors. Reproduced with the permission of the Minister of Health Canada. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited and is not used for commercial purposes.
spellingShingle Research Article
Stieb, David M.
Smith‐Doiron, Marc
Quick, Matthew
Christidis, Tanya
Xi, Guoliang
Miles, Rosalin M.
van Donkelaar, Aaron
Martin, Randall V.
Hystad, Perry
Tjepkema, Michael
Inequality in the Distribution of Air Pollution Attributable Mortality Within Canadian Cities
title Inequality in the Distribution of Air Pollution Attributable Mortality Within Canadian Cities
title_full Inequality in the Distribution of Air Pollution Attributable Mortality Within Canadian Cities
title_fullStr Inequality in the Distribution of Air Pollution Attributable Mortality Within Canadian Cities
title_full_unstemmed Inequality in the Distribution of Air Pollution Attributable Mortality Within Canadian Cities
title_short Inequality in the Distribution of Air Pollution Attributable Mortality Within Canadian Cities
title_sort inequality in the distribution of air pollution attributable mortality within canadian cities
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10465848/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37654974
http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2023GH000816
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