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Regulation of Clostridial Toxin Gene Expression: A Pasteurian Tradition

The alarming symptoms attributed to several potent clostridial toxins enabled the early identification of the causative agent of tetanus, botulism, and gas gangrene diseases, which belongs to the most famous species of pathogenic clostridia. Although Clostridioides difficile was identified early in...

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Autor principal: Dupuy, Bruno
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10467148/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37505682
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins15070413
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author Dupuy, Bruno
author_facet Dupuy, Bruno
author_sort Dupuy, Bruno
collection PubMed
description The alarming symptoms attributed to several potent clostridial toxins enabled the early identification of the causative agent of tetanus, botulism, and gas gangrene diseases, which belongs to the most famous species of pathogenic clostridia. Although Clostridioides difficile was identified early in the 20th century as producing important toxins, it was identified only 40 years later as the causative agent of important nosocomial diseases upon the advent of antibiotic therapies in hospital settings. Today, C. difficile is a leading public health issue, as it is the major cause of antibiotic-associated diarrhea in adults. In particular, severe symptoms within the spectrum of C. difficile infections are directly related to the levels of toxins produced in the host. This highlights the importance of understanding the regulation of toxin synthesis in the pathogenicity process of C. difficile, whose regulatory factors in response to the gut environment were first identified at the Institut Pasteur. Subsequently, the work of other groups in the field contributed to further deciphering the complex mechanisms controlling toxin production triggered by the intestinal dysbiosis states during infection. This review summarizes the Pasteurian contribution to clostridial toxin regulation studies.
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spelling pubmed-104671482023-08-31 Regulation of Clostridial Toxin Gene Expression: A Pasteurian Tradition Dupuy, Bruno Toxins (Basel) Review The alarming symptoms attributed to several potent clostridial toxins enabled the early identification of the causative agent of tetanus, botulism, and gas gangrene diseases, which belongs to the most famous species of pathogenic clostridia. Although Clostridioides difficile was identified early in the 20th century as producing important toxins, it was identified only 40 years later as the causative agent of important nosocomial diseases upon the advent of antibiotic therapies in hospital settings. Today, C. difficile is a leading public health issue, as it is the major cause of antibiotic-associated diarrhea in adults. In particular, severe symptoms within the spectrum of C. difficile infections are directly related to the levels of toxins produced in the host. This highlights the importance of understanding the regulation of toxin synthesis in the pathogenicity process of C. difficile, whose regulatory factors in response to the gut environment were first identified at the Institut Pasteur. Subsequently, the work of other groups in the field contributed to further deciphering the complex mechanisms controlling toxin production triggered by the intestinal dysbiosis states during infection. This review summarizes the Pasteurian contribution to clostridial toxin regulation studies. MDPI 2023-06-26 /pmc/articles/PMC10467148/ /pubmed/37505682 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins15070413 Text en © 2023 by the author. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Dupuy, Bruno
Regulation of Clostridial Toxin Gene Expression: A Pasteurian Tradition
title Regulation of Clostridial Toxin Gene Expression: A Pasteurian Tradition
title_full Regulation of Clostridial Toxin Gene Expression: A Pasteurian Tradition
title_fullStr Regulation of Clostridial Toxin Gene Expression: A Pasteurian Tradition
title_full_unstemmed Regulation of Clostridial Toxin Gene Expression: A Pasteurian Tradition
title_short Regulation of Clostridial Toxin Gene Expression: A Pasteurian Tradition
title_sort regulation of clostridial toxin gene expression: a pasteurian tradition
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10467148/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37505682
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins15070413
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