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Depression and post-traumatic stress symptoms two years post-rape and the role of early counselling: Rape Impact Cohort Evaluation (RICE) study

Background: Survivors of sexual violence are at higher risk of adverse mental health outcomes compared to those exposed to other interpersonal traumas. Objective: To examine the trajectory of both post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression as well as the role of early counselling over 24 m...

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Autores principales: Mhlongo, S., Seedat, S., Jewkes, R., Myers, B., Chirwa, E., Nöthling, J., Lombard, C., Peer, N., Kengne, A.P., Garcia-Moreno, C., Dunkle, K., Abrahams, N.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Taylor & Francis 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10467520/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37642373
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/20008066.2023.2237364
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author Mhlongo, S.
Seedat, S.
Jewkes, R.
Myers, B.
Chirwa, E.
Nöthling, J.
Lombard, C.
Peer, N.
Kengne, A.P.
Garcia-Moreno, C.
Dunkle, K.
Abrahams, N.
author_facet Mhlongo, S.
Seedat, S.
Jewkes, R.
Myers, B.
Chirwa, E.
Nöthling, J.
Lombard, C.
Peer, N.
Kengne, A.P.
Garcia-Moreno, C.
Dunkle, K.
Abrahams, N.
author_sort Mhlongo, S.
collection PubMed
description Background: Survivors of sexual violence are at higher risk of adverse mental health outcomes compared to those exposed to other interpersonal traumas. Objective: To examine the trajectory of both post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression as well as the role of early counselling over 24 months among rape survivors. Method: The South African Rape Impact Cohort Evaluation (RICE) study enrolled women aged 16–40 years attending post-rape care services within 20 days of a rape incident (n = 734), and a comparison group (n = 786) was recruited from primary health care. Women were followed for 24 months; the main study outcomes were depression and PTSD. Reports of early supportive counselling by the exposed group were also included. The analysis included an adjusted joint mixed model with linear splines to account for correlated observations between the outcomes. Results: At 24 months, 45.2% of the rape-exposed women met the cut-off for depression and 32.7% for PTSD. This was significantly higher than levels found among the unexposed. Although a decline in depression and PTSD was seen at 3 months among the women who reported a rape, mean scores remained stable thereafter. At 24 months mean depression scores remained above the depression cut-off (17.1) while mean PTSD scores declined below the PTSD cut-off (14.5). Early counselling was not associated with the trajectory of either depression or PTSD scores over the two years in rape-exposed women with both depression and PTSD persisting regardless of early counselling. Conclusion: The study findings highlight the importance to find and provide effective mental health interventions post-rape in South Africa.
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spelling pubmed-104675202023-08-31 Depression and post-traumatic stress symptoms two years post-rape and the role of early counselling: Rape Impact Cohort Evaluation (RICE) study Mhlongo, S. Seedat, S. Jewkes, R. Myers, B. Chirwa, E. Nöthling, J. Lombard, C. Peer, N. Kengne, A.P. Garcia-Moreno, C. Dunkle, K. Abrahams, N. Eur J Psychotraumatol Basic Research Article Background: Survivors of sexual violence are at higher risk of adverse mental health outcomes compared to those exposed to other interpersonal traumas. Objective: To examine the trajectory of both post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression as well as the role of early counselling over 24 months among rape survivors. Method: The South African Rape Impact Cohort Evaluation (RICE) study enrolled women aged 16–40 years attending post-rape care services within 20 days of a rape incident (n = 734), and a comparison group (n = 786) was recruited from primary health care. Women were followed for 24 months; the main study outcomes were depression and PTSD. Reports of early supportive counselling by the exposed group were also included. The analysis included an adjusted joint mixed model with linear splines to account for correlated observations between the outcomes. Results: At 24 months, 45.2% of the rape-exposed women met the cut-off for depression and 32.7% for PTSD. This was significantly higher than levels found among the unexposed. Although a decline in depression and PTSD was seen at 3 months among the women who reported a rape, mean scores remained stable thereafter. At 24 months mean depression scores remained above the depression cut-off (17.1) while mean PTSD scores declined below the PTSD cut-off (14.5). Early counselling was not associated with the trajectory of either depression or PTSD scores over the two years in rape-exposed women with both depression and PTSD persisting regardless of early counselling. Conclusion: The study findings highlight the importance to find and provide effective mental health interventions post-rape in South Africa. Taylor & Francis 2023-08-29 /pmc/articles/PMC10467520/ /pubmed/37642373 http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/20008066.2023.2237364 Text en © 2023 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) ), which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. The terms on which this article has been published allow the posting of the Accepted Manuscript in a repository by the author(s) or with their consent.
spellingShingle Basic Research Article
Mhlongo, S.
Seedat, S.
Jewkes, R.
Myers, B.
Chirwa, E.
Nöthling, J.
Lombard, C.
Peer, N.
Kengne, A.P.
Garcia-Moreno, C.
Dunkle, K.
Abrahams, N.
Depression and post-traumatic stress symptoms two years post-rape and the role of early counselling: Rape Impact Cohort Evaluation (RICE) study
title Depression and post-traumatic stress symptoms two years post-rape and the role of early counselling: Rape Impact Cohort Evaluation (RICE) study
title_full Depression and post-traumatic stress symptoms two years post-rape and the role of early counselling: Rape Impact Cohort Evaluation (RICE) study
title_fullStr Depression and post-traumatic stress symptoms two years post-rape and the role of early counselling: Rape Impact Cohort Evaluation (RICE) study
title_full_unstemmed Depression and post-traumatic stress symptoms two years post-rape and the role of early counselling: Rape Impact Cohort Evaluation (RICE) study
title_short Depression and post-traumatic stress symptoms two years post-rape and the role of early counselling: Rape Impact Cohort Evaluation (RICE) study
title_sort depression and post-traumatic stress symptoms two years post-rape and the role of early counselling: rape impact cohort evaluation (rice) study
topic Basic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10467520/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37642373
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/20008066.2023.2237364
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