Lattice engineering for stabilized black FAPbI(3) perovskite single crystals for high-resolution x-ray imaging at the lowest dose

Preliminary theoretical analyses indicate that lattice relaxation may be used to release lattice strain in the FAPbI(3) perovskite to warrant both high x-ray detection performance and improved stability. Herein, we demonstrate stable black α-phase FAPbI(3) single crystals (SCs) realized by lattice engineering via annealing in the ambient atmosphere. The engineered α-FAPbI(3) SC detector shows almost all the best figures of merit including a high sensitivity of 4.15 × 10(5) μC Gy(air)(−1) cm(−2), a low detection limit of 1.1 nGy(air) s(−1), a high resolution of 15.9 lp mm(−1), and a short response time of 214 μs. We further demonstrate high-definition x-ray imaging at a dose rate below 10 nGy(air) s(−1) on the FAPbI(3) SC, indicating a minimal dose-area product of 0.048 mGy(air) cm(2) to the patient for one-time posteroanterior chest diagnosis, which is more than 3000 times lower than the international reference level of 150 mGy(air) cm(2). In addition, the robust long-term stability enables the FAPbI(3) SC x-ray detector to work steadily for more than 40 years.