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Using the Multidimensional Health Locus of Control Scale Form C to Investigate Health Beliefs About Bladder Cancer Prevention and Treatment Among Male Patients: Cross-Sectional Study
BACKGROUND: Bladder cancer is a leading cause of death among Chinese male populations in recent years. The health locus of control construct can mediate health status and outcomes, and it has proven helpful in predicting and explaining specific health-related behaviors. However, it has never been us...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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JMIR Publications
2023
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10468698/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37585255 http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/43345 |
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author | Xing, Zhaoquan Ji, Meng Shan, Yi Dong, Zhaogang Xu, Xiaofei |
author_facet | Xing, Zhaoquan Ji, Meng Shan, Yi Dong, Zhaogang Xu, Xiaofei |
author_sort | Xing, Zhaoquan |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: Bladder cancer is a leading cause of death among Chinese male populations in recent years. The health locus of control construct can mediate health status and outcomes, and it has proven helpful in predicting and explaining specific health-related behaviors. However, it has never been used to investigate health beliefs about bladder cancer prevention and treatment. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to classify male patients into different latent groups according to their beliefs about bladder cancer prevention and treatment and to identify associated factors to provide implications for the delivery of tailored education and interventions and the administration of targeted prevention and treatment. METHODS: First, we designed a four-section questionnaire to solicit data: section 1—age, gender, and education; section 2—the communicative subscale of the All Aspects of Health Literacy Scale; section 3—the eHealth Literacy Scale; and section 4—health beliefs about bladder cancer prevention and treatment measured by the Multidimensional Health Locus of Control Scale Form C. We hypothesized that the participants’ health beliefs about bladder cancer prevention and treatment measured in section 4 could be closely associated with information collected through sections 1 to 3. We recruited 718 Chinese male patients from Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, China, and invited them to participate in a web-based questionnaire survey. Finally, we used latent class analysis to identify subgroups of men based on their categorical responses to the items on the Multidimensional Health Locus of Control Scale Form C and ascertained factors contributing to the low self-efficacy group identified. RESULTS: We identified 2 subgroups defined as low and moderate self-efficacy groups representing 75.8% (544/718) and 24.2% (174/718) of the total sample, respectively. Men in the low self-efficacy cluster (cluster 1: 544/718, 75.8%) were less likely to believe in their own capability or doctors’ advice to achieve optimal outcomes in bladder cancer prevention and treatment. Men in the moderate self-efficacy cluster (cluster 2: 174/718, 24.2%) had distinct psychological traits. They had stronger beliefs in their own capability to manage their health with regard to bladder cancer prevention and treatment and moderate to high levels of trust in health and medical professionals and their advice to achieve better prevention and treatment outcomes. Four factors contributing to low self-efficacy were identified, including limited education (Year 6 to Year 12), aged ≥44 years, limited communicative health literacy, and limited digital health literacy. CONCLUSIONS: This was the first study investigating beliefs about bladder cancer prevention and treatment among Chinese male patients. Given that bladder cancer represents a leading cause of death among Chinese male populations in recent years, the low self-efficacy cluster and associated contributing factors identified in this study can provide implications for clinical practice, health education, medical research, and health policy-making. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-10468698 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | JMIR Publications |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-104686982023-09-01 Using the Multidimensional Health Locus of Control Scale Form C to Investigate Health Beliefs About Bladder Cancer Prevention and Treatment Among Male Patients: Cross-Sectional Study Xing, Zhaoquan Ji, Meng Shan, Yi Dong, Zhaogang Xu, Xiaofei JMIR Form Res Original Paper BACKGROUND: Bladder cancer is a leading cause of death among Chinese male populations in recent years. The health locus of control construct can mediate health status and outcomes, and it has proven helpful in predicting and explaining specific health-related behaviors. However, it has never been used to investigate health beliefs about bladder cancer prevention and treatment. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to classify male patients into different latent groups according to their beliefs about bladder cancer prevention and treatment and to identify associated factors to provide implications for the delivery of tailored education and interventions and the administration of targeted prevention and treatment. METHODS: First, we designed a four-section questionnaire to solicit data: section 1—age, gender, and education; section 2—the communicative subscale of the All Aspects of Health Literacy Scale; section 3—the eHealth Literacy Scale; and section 4—health beliefs about bladder cancer prevention and treatment measured by the Multidimensional Health Locus of Control Scale Form C. We hypothesized that the participants’ health beliefs about bladder cancer prevention and treatment measured in section 4 could be closely associated with information collected through sections 1 to 3. We recruited 718 Chinese male patients from Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, China, and invited them to participate in a web-based questionnaire survey. Finally, we used latent class analysis to identify subgroups of men based on their categorical responses to the items on the Multidimensional Health Locus of Control Scale Form C and ascertained factors contributing to the low self-efficacy group identified. RESULTS: We identified 2 subgroups defined as low and moderate self-efficacy groups representing 75.8% (544/718) and 24.2% (174/718) of the total sample, respectively. Men in the low self-efficacy cluster (cluster 1: 544/718, 75.8%) were less likely to believe in their own capability or doctors’ advice to achieve optimal outcomes in bladder cancer prevention and treatment. Men in the moderate self-efficacy cluster (cluster 2: 174/718, 24.2%) had distinct psychological traits. They had stronger beliefs in their own capability to manage their health with regard to bladder cancer prevention and treatment and moderate to high levels of trust in health and medical professionals and their advice to achieve better prevention and treatment outcomes. Four factors contributing to low self-efficacy were identified, including limited education (Year 6 to Year 12), aged ≥44 years, limited communicative health literacy, and limited digital health literacy. CONCLUSIONS: This was the first study investigating beliefs about bladder cancer prevention and treatment among Chinese male patients. Given that bladder cancer represents a leading cause of death among Chinese male populations in recent years, the low self-efficacy cluster and associated contributing factors identified in this study can provide implications for clinical practice, health education, medical research, and health policy-making. JMIR Publications 2023-08-16 /pmc/articles/PMC10468698/ /pubmed/37585255 http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/43345 Text en ©Zhaoquan Xing, Meng Ji, Yi Shan, Zhaogang Dong, Xiaofei Xu. Originally published in JMIR Formative Research (https://formative.jmir.org), 16.08.2023. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work, first published in JMIR Formative Research, is properly cited. The complete bibliographic information, a link to the original publication on https://formative.jmir.org, as well as this copyright and license information must be included. |
spellingShingle | Original Paper Xing, Zhaoquan Ji, Meng Shan, Yi Dong, Zhaogang Xu, Xiaofei Using the Multidimensional Health Locus of Control Scale Form C to Investigate Health Beliefs About Bladder Cancer Prevention and Treatment Among Male Patients: Cross-Sectional Study |
title | Using the Multidimensional Health Locus of Control Scale Form C to Investigate Health Beliefs About Bladder Cancer Prevention and Treatment Among Male Patients: Cross-Sectional Study |
title_full | Using the Multidimensional Health Locus of Control Scale Form C to Investigate Health Beliefs About Bladder Cancer Prevention and Treatment Among Male Patients: Cross-Sectional Study |
title_fullStr | Using the Multidimensional Health Locus of Control Scale Form C to Investigate Health Beliefs About Bladder Cancer Prevention and Treatment Among Male Patients: Cross-Sectional Study |
title_full_unstemmed | Using the Multidimensional Health Locus of Control Scale Form C to Investigate Health Beliefs About Bladder Cancer Prevention and Treatment Among Male Patients: Cross-Sectional Study |
title_short | Using the Multidimensional Health Locus of Control Scale Form C to Investigate Health Beliefs About Bladder Cancer Prevention and Treatment Among Male Patients: Cross-Sectional Study |
title_sort | using the multidimensional health locus of control scale form c to investigate health beliefs about bladder cancer prevention and treatment among male patients: cross-sectional study |
topic | Original Paper |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10468698/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37585255 http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/43345 |
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