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Prevalence and Determinants of Diabetic Retinopathy Among Type 2 Diabetic Patients in Saudi Arabia: A Systematic Review
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a preventable complication of diabetes; however, it is a serious one if not early recognized and properly managed as it can lead to visual impairment. This review aimed to summarize the prevalence and determinants of DR among type 2 diabetic patients in Saudi Arabia. Eli...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Cureus
2023
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10469098/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37663987 http://dx.doi.org/10.7759/cureus.42771 |
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author | Aljehani, Eman A Alhawiti, Asma E Mohamad, Rofayda M |
author_facet | Aljehani, Eman A Alhawiti, Asma E Mohamad, Rofayda M |
author_sort | Aljehani, Eman A |
collection | PubMed |
description | Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a preventable complication of diabetes; however, it is a serious one if not early recognized and properly managed as it can lead to visual impairment. This review aimed to summarize the prevalence and determinants of DR among type 2 diabetic patients in Saudi Arabia. Eligible articles for this systematic review were quantitative observational studies that were English-published between 2015 and 2021, peer-reviewed, and conducted on patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). The studies were obtained by searching PubMed/Medline, ScienceDirect, Cochrane Library Database, and Google Scholar. The risk of bias was assessed using the National Institutes of Health quality assessment tool for observational cohort and cross-sectional studies. Out of 16 preliminary studies, 12 were eligible for inclusion in this systematic review. One study was a chart review, one was a prospective study, and the remaining were cross-sectional studies. Regarding the study tool, retinopathy was diagnosed by an ophthalmologist using fundus photography and/or slit-lamp examination in most of the studies (n=7). However, some studies reported obtaining data from patient interviews and medical files (n=4). Concerning the outcome, an overall high prevalence of DR (ranging between 6.25% and 88.1%) and some significant associated risk factors were determined, including longer duration of diabetes, older age, poor blood pressure control, poor glycemic control, and physical inactivity. Most studies showed moderate overall quality. In conclusion, DR is a common complication of type 2 diabetes in Saudi Arabia. Some avoidable risk factors are identified, through which the doctors can identify patients at high risk of DR through early screening and can, thus, initiate prompt treatment to reduce the risk of vision deterioration. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-10469098 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | Cureus |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-104690982023-09-01 Prevalence and Determinants of Diabetic Retinopathy Among Type 2 Diabetic Patients in Saudi Arabia: A Systematic Review Aljehani, Eman A Alhawiti, Asma E Mohamad, Rofayda M Cureus Family/General Practice Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a preventable complication of diabetes; however, it is a serious one if not early recognized and properly managed as it can lead to visual impairment. This review aimed to summarize the prevalence and determinants of DR among type 2 diabetic patients in Saudi Arabia. Eligible articles for this systematic review were quantitative observational studies that were English-published between 2015 and 2021, peer-reviewed, and conducted on patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). The studies were obtained by searching PubMed/Medline, ScienceDirect, Cochrane Library Database, and Google Scholar. The risk of bias was assessed using the National Institutes of Health quality assessment tool for observational cohort and cross-sectional studies. Out of 16 preliminary studies, 12 were eligible for inclusion in this systematic review. One study was a chart review, one was a prospective study, and the remaining were cross-sectional studies. Regarding the study tool, retinopathy was diagnosed by an ophthalmologist using fundus photography and/or slit-lamp examination in most of the studies (n=7). However, some studies reported obtaining data from patient interviews and medical files (n=4). Concerning the outcome, an overall high prevalence of DR (ranging between 6.25% and 88.1%) and some significant associated risk factors were determined, including longer duration of diabetes, older age, poor blood pressure control, poor glycemic control, and physical inactivity. Most studies showed moderate overall quality. In conclusion, DR is a common complication of type 2 diabetes in Saudi Arabia. Some avoidable risk factors are identified, through which the doctors can identify patients at high risk of DR through early screening and can, thus, initiate prompt treatment to reduce the risk of vision deterioration. Cureus 2023-07-31 /pmc/articles/PMC10469098/ /pubmed/37663987 http://dx.doi.org/10.7759/cureus.42771 Text en Copyright © 2023, Aljehani et al. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. |
spellingShingle | Family/General Practice Aljehani, Eman A Alhawiti, Asma E Mohamad, Rofayda M Prevalence and Determinants of Diabetic Retinopathy Among Type 2 Diabetic Patients in Saudi Arabia: A Systematic Review |
title | Prevalence and Determinants of Diabetic Retinopathy Among Type 2 Diabetic Patients in Saudi Arabia: A Systematic Review |
title_full | Prevalence and Determinants of Diabetic Retinopathy Among Type 2 Diabetic Patients in Saudi Arabia: A Systematic Review |
title_fullStr | Prevalence and Determinants of Diabetic Retinopathy Among Type 2 Diabetic Patients in Saudi Arabia: A Systematic Review |
title_full_unstemmed | Prevalence and Determinants of Diabetic Retinopathy Among Type 2 Diabetic Patients in Saudi Arabia: A Systematic Review |
title_short | Prevalence and Determinants of Diabetic Retinopathy Among Type 2 Diabetic Patients in Saudi Arabia: A Systematic Review |
title_sort | prevalence and determinants of diabetic retinopathy among type 2 diabetic patients in saudi arabia: a systematic review |
topic | Family/General Practice |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10469098/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37663987 http://dx.doi.org/10.7759/cureus.42771 |
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