Revealing the impact of built environment, air pollution and housing price on health inequality: an empirical analysis of Nanjing, China

INTRODUCTION: Residential segregation have become a common phenomenon in China recently. Socioeconomically disadvantaged residents were more likely to live in communities with higher PM(2.5) concentrations and poorer built environment, which may ultimately lead to a higher health risk, further exacerbating health inequalities. However, the reasons for health inequalities under residential segregation remain unclear. METHODS: This study quantified the built environment, air pollution, mortality rate and housing price at 1 km × 1 km grid scale. Moderating effect model, mediating effect model, moderated mediating effect model were used to progressively clarify the relationship between the four. RESULTS: Results show that, in terms of spatial distribution, the central area has high housing price with good built environment, low PM(2.5) concentration and low mortality rate. While the suburban area has low housing price, poor built environment, high PM(2.5) concentration and high mortality rate. Additionally, built environment can not only reduce health risks through moderating effect, but also affect health through the mediating effect of PM(2.5). There is heterogeneity in moderating effect of built environment in different locations. Housing prices can moderate the effect of built environment on health. This study would offer important reference for urban planning to mitigate the effect of built environment inequalities on health inequalities in China.