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The synthetic dye malachite green found in food induces cytotoxicity and genotoxicity in four different mammalian cell lines from distinct tissuesw

Malachite green (MG) is a synthetic dye that uses ranges from its application as a tissue dye to that as an antiparasitic in aquaculture. Several studies have reported the presence of this compound in food dyes and in the meat of fish raised in captivity for human consumption, suggesting risks both...

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Autores principales: de Almada Vilhena, Andryo O, Lima, Karina M M, de Azevedo, Luana F C, Rissino, Jorge D, de Souza, Augusto C P, Nagamachi, Cleusa Y, Pieczarka, Julio C
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Oxford University Press 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10470350/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37663817
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/toxres/tfad059
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author de Almada Vilhena, Andryo O
Lima, Karina M M
de Azevedo, Luana F C
Rissino, Jorge D
de Souza, Augusto C P
Nagamachi, Cleusa Y
Pieczarka, Julio C
author_facet de Almada Vilhena, Andryo O
Lima, Karina M M
de Azevedo, Luana F C
Rissino, Jorge D
de Souza, Augusto C P
Nagamachi, Cleusa Y
Pieczarka, Julio C
author_sort de Almada Vilhena, Andryo O
collection PubMed
description Malachite green (MG) is a synthetic dye that uses ranges from its application as a tissue dye to that as an antiparasitic in aquaculture. Several studies have reported the presence of this compound in food dyes and in the meat of fish raised in captivity for human consumption, suggesting risks both for the end user and for as those who handle these products because of MG toxic properties described in the literature. Here we evaluated the cytotoxic and genotoxic profiles of MG in four different cell lines (ACP02, L929, MNP01, and MRC-5). Two of these cell lines are stomach cells (normal and cancer lineages) and the potential ingestion of MG makes this a relevant cell type. Cells were treated with MG at concentrations ranging from 0.1 μM to 100 μM, and tested by MTT assay, a differential apoptosis/necrosis assay (EB/OA), the micronucleus test (MN), and the comet assay. MG exhibits dose-dependent cytotoxicity toward all of the tested cell types; higher concentrations of MG cause cell necrosis, while lower concentrations induce apoptosis. MG has a genotoxic profile increasing the rates of micronuclei, nucleoplasmic bridges, nuclear buds, and DNA fragmentation; L929 and MRC-5 showed more sensibility than ACP02 and MNP01.
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spelling pubmed-104703502023-09-01 The synthetic dye malachite green found in food induces cytotoxicity and genotoxicity in four different mammalian cell lines from distinct tissuesw de Almada Vilhena, Andryo O Lima, Karina M M de Azevedo, Luana F C Rissino, Jorge D de Souza, Augusto C P Nagamachi, Cleusa Y Pieczarka, Julio C Toxicol Res (Camb) Paper Malachite green (MG) is a synthetic dye that uses ranges from its application as a tissue dye to that as an antiparasitic in aquaculture. Several studies have reported the presence of this compound in food dyes and in the meat of fish raised in captivity for human consumption, suggesting risks both for the end user and for as those who handle these products because of MG toxic properties described in the literature. Here we evaluated the cytotoxic and genotoxic profiles of MG in four different cell lines (ACP02, L929, MNP01, and MRC-5). Two of these cell lines are stomach cells (normal and cancer lineages) and the potential ingestion of MG makes this a relevant cell type. Cells were treated with MG at concentrations ranging from 0.1 μM to 100 μM, and tested by MTT assay, a differential apoptosis/necrosis assay (EB/OA), the micronucleus test (MN), and the comet assay. MG exhibits dose-dependent cytotoxicity toward all of the tested cell types; higher concentrations of MG cause cell necrosis, while lower concentrations induce apoptosis. MG has a genotoxic profile increasing the rates of micronuclei, nucleoplasmic bridges, nuclear buds, and DNA fragmentation; L929 and MRC-5 showed more sensibility than ACP02 and MNP01. Oxford University Press 2023-07-24 /pmc/articles/PMC10470350/ /pubmed/37663817 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/toxres/tfad059 Text en © The Author(s) 2023. Published by Oxford University Press. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Paper
de Almada Vilhena, Andryo O
Lima, Karina M M
de Azevedo, Luana F C
Rissino, Jorge D
de Souza, Augusto C P
Nagamachi, Cleusa Y
Pieczarka, Julio C
The synthetic dye malachite green found in food induces cytotoxicity and genotoxicity in four different mammalian cell lines from distinct tissuesw
title The synthetic dye malachite green found in food induces cytotoxicity and genotoxicity in four different mammalian cell lines from distinct tissuesw
title_full The synthetic dye malachite green found in food induces cytotoxicity and genotoxicity in four different mammalian cell lines from distinct tissuesw
title_fullStr The synthetic dye malachite green found in food induces cytotoxicity and genotoxicity in four different mammalian cell lines from distinct tissuesw
title_full_unstemmed The synthetic dye malachite green found in food induces cytotoxicity and genotoxicity in four different mammalian cell lines from distinct tissuesw
title_short The synthetic dye malachite green found in food induces cytotoxicity and genotoxicity in four different mammalian cell lines from distinct tissuesw
title_sort synthetic dye malachite green found in food induces cytotoxicity and genotoxicity in four different mammalian cell lines from distinct tissuesw
topic Paper
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10470350/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37663817
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/toxres/tfad059
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