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Hyponatremia and Outcome: Is Severity More Important Than Etiology?

Background and objective: Hyponatremia is the most common electrolyte abnormality encountered in a hospital setting, and the data regarding the contribution of hyponatremia to overall mortality are conflicting. The study objective was to determine patients' clinical profiles and outcomes with h...

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Autores principales: Singh, Parminder, Arora, Saurabh, Singh, Diljot, kalra, Shivam, Singh, Amroz, Arora, Utkarsh, Mittal, Naveen, Goyal, Manjeet K, Kaur, Simran, Kalra, Eva
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Cureus 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10470662/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37664323
http://dx.doi.org/10.7759/cureus.42808
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author Singh, Parminder
Arora, Saurabh
Singh, Diljot
kalra, Shivam
Singh, Amroz
Arora, Utkarsh
Mittal, Naveen
Goyal, Manjeet K
Kaur, Simran
Kalra, Eva
author_facet Singh, Parminder
Arora, Saurabh
Singh, Diljot
kalra, Shivam
Singh, Amroz
Arora, Utkarsh
Mittal, Naveen
Goyal, Manjeet K
Kaur, Simran
Kalra, Eva
author_sort Singh, Parminder
collection PubMed
description Background and objective: Hyponatremia is the most common electrolyte abnormality encountered in a hospital setting, and the data regarding the contribution of hyponatremia to overall mortality are conflicting. The study objective was to determine patients' clinical profiles and outcomes with hyponatremia. Methods: This prospective cross-sectional study was conducted at Dayanand Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana, and included 375 adult patients aged more than 18 years with a confirmed diagnosis of hyponatremia. Patients were subdivided into three groups based on the severity of hyponatremia: mild (130-135 mmol/L), moderate (125-129 mmol/L), and profound (<125 mmol/L). Results: The most common symptom was confusion (57.3%) followed by deep somnolence (40%) and nausea (36.8%). The most common cause of hyponatremia was diuretics (30.7%), followed by the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH) (17.8%) and chronic liver disease (CLD) (14.1%). The severity of hyponatremia did not significantly influence the outcome. Patients with CLD and chronic kidney disease (CKD) as the etiology of hyponatremia had significantly worse outcomes compared to other causes of hyponatremia. The most common type was hypovolemic hypotonic followed by euvolemic hypotonic and hypervolemia hypotonic hyponatremia. Nearly half of the total deaths were observed in the hypervolemic hyponatremia group and were significantly higher compared to the other two groups (p=0.001). Correction of hyponatremia (i.e., serum sodium >135 mmol/L) was significantly linked with good outcomes (p=0.003). Conclusion: Our study showed that the etiology of hyponatremia was a more important prognostic indicator rather than the severity of hyponatremia. Normalization of serum sodium was associated with improved survival. 
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spelling pubmed-104706622023-09-01 Hyponatremia and Outcome: Is Severity More Important Than Etiology? Singh, Parminder Arora, Saurabh Singh, Diljot kalra, Shivam Singh, Amroz Arora, Utkarsh Mittal, Naveen Goyal, Manjeet K Kaur, Simran Kalra, Eva Cureus Endocrinology/Diabetes/Metabolism Background and objective: Hyponatremia is the most common electrolyte abnormality encountered in a hospital setting, and the data regarding the contribution of hyponatremia to overall mortality are conflicting. The study objective was to determine patients' clinical profiles and outcomes with hyponatremia. Methods: This prospective cross-sectional study was conducted at Dayanand Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana, and included 375 adult patients aged more than 18 years with a confirmed diagnosis of hyponatremia. Patients were subdivided into three groups based on the severity of hyponatremia: mild (130-135 mmol/L), moderate (125-129 mmol/L), and profound (<125 mmol/L). Results: The most common symptom was confusion (57.3%) followed by deep somnolence (40%) and nausea (36.8%). The most common cause of hyponatremia was diuretics (30.7%), followed by the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH) (17.8%) and chronic liver disease (CLD) (14.1%). The severity of hyponatremia did not significantly influence the outcome. Patients with CLD and chronic kidney disease (CKD) as the etiology of hyponatremia had significantly worse outcomes compared to other causes of hyponatremia. The most common type was hypovolemic hypotonic followed by euvolemic hypotonic and hypervolemia hypotonic hyponatremia. Nearly half of the total deaths were observed in the hypervolemic hyponatremia group and were significantly higher compared to the other two groups (p=0.001). Correction of hyponatremia (i.e., serum sodium >135 mmol/L) was significantly linked with good outcomes (p=0.003). Conclusion: Our study showed that the etiology of hyponatremia was a more important prognostic indicator rather than the severity of hyponatremia. Normalization of serum sodium was associated with improved survival.  Cureus 2023-08-01 /pmc/articles/PMC10470662/ /pubmed/37664323 http://dx.doi.org/10.7759/cureus.42808 Text en Copyright © 2023, Singh et al. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
spellingShingle Endocrinology/Diabetes/Metabolism
Singh, Parminder
Arora, Saurabh
Singh, Diljot
kalra, Shivam
Singh, Amroz
Arora, Utkarsh
Mittal, Naveen
Goyal, Manjeet K
Kaur, Simran
Kalra, Eva
Hyponatremia and Outcome: Is Severity More Important Than Etiology?
title Hyponatremia and Outcome: Is Severity More Important Than Etiology?
title_full Hyponatremia and Outcome: Is Severity More Important Than Etiology?
title_fullStr Hyponatremia and Outcome: Is Severity More Important Than Etiology?
title_full_unstemmed Hyponatremia and Outcome: Is Severity More Important Than Etiology?
title_short Hyponatremia and Outcome: Is Severity More Important Than Etiology?
title_sort hyponatremia and outcome: is severity more important than etiology?
topic Endocrinology/Diabetes/Metabolism
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10470662/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37664323
http://dx.doi.org/10.7759/cureus.42808
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