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Reviewing the state of biosensors and lab-on-a- chip technologies: opportunities for extreme environments and space exploration

The space race is entering a new era of exploration, in which the number of robotic and human missions to various places in our solar system is rapidly increasing. Despite the recent advances in propulsion and life support technologies, there is a growing need to perform analytical measurements and...

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Autores principales: Cinti, Stefano, Singh, Sima, Covone, Giovanni, Tonietti, Luca, Ricciardelli, Annarita, Cordone, Angelina, Iacono, Roberta, Mazzoli, Arianna, Moracci, Marco, Rotundi, Alessandra, Giovannelli, Donato
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10470837/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37664111
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2023.1215529
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author Cinti, Stefano
Singh, Sima
Covone, Giovanni
Tonietti, Luca
Ricciardelli, Annarita
Cordone, Angelina
Iacono, Roberta
Mazzoli, Arianna
Moracci, Marco
Rotundi, Alessandra
Giovannelli, Donato
author_facet Cinti, Stefano
Singh, Sima
Covone, Giovanni
Tonietti, Luca
Ricciardelli, Annarita
Cordone, Angelina
Iacono, Roberta
Mazzoli, Arianna
Moracci, Marco
Rotundi, Alessandra
Giovannelli, Donato
author_sort Cinti, Stefano
collection PubMed
description The space race is entering a new era of exploration, in which the number of robotic and human missions to various places in our solar system is rapidly increasing. Despite the recent advances in propulsion and life support technologies, there is a growing need to perform analytical measurements and laboratory experiments across diverse domains of science, while keeping low payload requirements. In this context, lab-on-a-chip nanobiosensors appear to be an emerging technology capable of revolutionizing space exploration, given their low footprint, high accuracy, and low payload requirements. To date, only some approaches for monitoring astronaut health in spacecraft environments have been reported. Although non-invasive molecular diagnostics, like lab-on-a-chip technology, are expected to improve the quality of long-term space missions, their application to monitor microbiological and environmental variables is rarely reported, even for analogous extreme environments on Earth. The possibility of evaluating the occurrence of unknown or unexpected species, identifying redox gradients relevant to microbial metabolism, or testing for specific possible biosignatures, will play a key role in the future of space microbiology. In this review, we will examine the current and potential roles of lab-on-a-chip technology in space exploration and in extreme environment investigation, reporting what has been tested so far, and clarifying the direction toward which the newly developed technologies of portable lab-on-a-chip sensors are heading for exploration in extreme environments and in space.
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spelling pubmed-104708372023-09-01 Reviewing the state of biosensors and lab-on-a- chip technologies: opportunities for extreme environments and space exploration Cinti, Stefano Singh, Sima Covone, Giovanni Tonietti, Luca Ricciardelli, Annarita Cordone, Angelina Iacono, Roberta Mazzoli, Arianna Moracci, Marco Rotundi, Alessandra Giovannelli, Donato Front Microbiol Microbiology The space race is entering a new era of exploration, in which the number of robotic and human missions to various places in our solar system is rapidly increasing. Despite the recent advances in propulsion and life support technologies, there is a growing need to perform analytical measurements and laboratory experiments across diverse domains of science, while keeping low payload requirements. In this context, lab-on-a-chip nanobiosensors appear to be an emerging technology capable of revolutionizing space exploration, given their low footprint, high accuracy, and low payload requirements. To date, only some approaches for monitoring astronaut health in spacecraft environments have been reported. Although non-invasive molecular diagnostics, like lab-on-a-chip technology, are expected to improve the quality of long-term space missions, their application to monitor microbiological and environmental variables is rarely reported, even for analogous extreme environments on Earth. The possibility of evaluating the occurrence of unknown or unexpected species, identifying redox gradients relevant to microbial metabolism, or testing for specific possible biosignatures, will play a key role in the future of space microbiology. In this review, we will examine the current and potential roles of lab-on-a-chip technology in space exploration and in extreme environment investigation, reporting what has been tested so far, and clarifying the direction toward which the newly developed technologies of portable lab-on-a-chip sensors are heading for exploration in extreme environments and in space. Frontiers Media S.A. 2023-08-17 /pmc/articles/PMC10470837/ /pubmed/37664111 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2023.1215529 Text en Copyright © 2023 Cinti, Singh, Covone, Tonietti, Ricciardelli, Cordone, Iacono, Mazzoli, Moracci, Rotundi and Giovannelli. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Microbiology
Cinti, Stefano
Singh, Sima
Covone, Giovanni
Tonietti, Luca
Ricciardelli, Annarita
Cordone, Angelina
Iacono, Roberta
Mazzoli, Arianna
Moracci, Marco
Rotundi, Alessandra
Giovannelli, Donato
Reviewing the state of biosensors and lab-on-a- chip technologies: opportunities for extreme environments and space exploration
title Reviewing the state of biosensors and lab-on-a- chip technologies: opportunities for extreme environments and space exploration
title_full Reviewing the state of biosensors and lab-on-a- chip technologies: opportunities for extreme environments and space exploration
title_fullStr Reviewing the state of biosensors and lab-on-a- chip technologies: opportunities for extreme environments and space exploration
title_full_unstemmed Reviewing the state of biosensors and lab-on-a- chip technologies: opportunities for extreme environments and space exploration
title_short Reviewing the state of biosensors and lab-on-a- chip technologies: opportunities for extreme environments and space exploration
title_sort reviewing the state of biosensors and lab-on-a- chip technologies: opportunities for extreme environments and space exploration
topic Microbiology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10470837/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37664111
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2023.1215529
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