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Impact of Out-of-pocket Costs on Varenicline Utilization and Persistence

Background: Varenicline is a smoking cessation medication. Objectives: We analyzed patients’ out-of-pocket costs and utilization of and persistence with varenicline. Methods: De-identified claims data in the MarketScan® Commercial Claims and Encounters Database were analyzed retrospectively. Partici...

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Autores principales: Galaznik, Aaron, Cappell, Katherine, Montejano, Leslie, Makinson, Geoffrey, Zou, Kelly H., Lenhart, Gregory
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Columbia Data Analytics, LLC 2014
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10471386/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37664085
http://dx.doi.org/10.36469/9888
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author Galaznik, Aaron
Cappell, Katherine
Montejano, Leslie
Makinson, Geoffrey
Zou, Kelly H.
Lenhart, Gregory
author_facet Galaznik, Aaron
Cappell, Katherine
Montejano, Leslie
Makinson, Geoffrey
Zou, Kelly H.
Lenhart, Gregory
author_sort Galaznik, Aaron
collection PubMed
description Background: Varenicline is a smoking cessation medication. Objectives: We analyzed patients’ out-of-pocket costs and utilization of and persistence with varenicline. Methods: De-identified claims data in the MarketScan® Commercial Claims and Encounters Database were analyzed retrospectively. Participants were all patients at least 18 years of age continuously enrolled in plans during 2009. Plans were categorized according to restriction (no coverage; prior authorization; smoking cessation program requirement; no restrictions) and out-of-pocket cost for a 30-day supply (low: <US$12; medium: US$12–24.99; high: ≥US$25). The main outcome measures were utilization (defined as presence of a drug claim) and persistence (according to days’ supply and number of days to discontinuation). Generalized linear models and time-to-event analyses were conducted. Results: There were 142,251, 458,966 and 222,241 individuals in the low, medium and high out-of-pocket cohorts, respectively. The reference group for all comparisons was the cohort with no access restrictions and low out-of-pocket costs. Higher out-of-pocket cost was associated with a lower likelihood of varenicline initiation for both the prior authorization (odds ratio [OR]=0.10, p<0.001) and smoking cessation program requirement (OR=0.19, p<0.001) groups, versus the no restriction cohort. Within the no access restriction cohort, subjects in the high out-of-pocket group were half as likely to complete a varenicline course versus the low out-of-pocket group (OR=0.47; p<0.002). Conversely, for the smoking cessation program requirement cohort, compared to the low out-of-pocket no restriction cohort, subjects who were in the high out-of-pocket group were more likely to complete a varenicline course (OR=0.70; p=0.13) than those in the low out-of-pocket group (OR=0.38; p=0.04). Conclusions: Higher varenicline out-of-pocket costs were generally associated with lower utilization of and persistence with treatment. These findings have implications for coverage policies in health plans and employers seeking to encourage smoking cessation.
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spelling pubmed-104713862023-09-01 Impact of Out-of-pocket Costs on Varenicline Utilization and Persistence Galaznik, Aaron Cappell, Katherine Montejano, Leslie Makinson, Geoffrey Zou, Kelly H. Lenhart, Gregory J Health Econ Outcomes Res Other Conditions Background: Varenicline is a smoking cessation medication. Objectives: We analyzed patients’ out-of-pocket costs and utilization of and persistence with varenicline. Methods: De-identified claims data in the MarketScan® Commercial Claims and Encounters Database were analyzed retrospectively. Participants were all patients at least 18 years of age continuously enrolled in plans during 2009. Plans were categorized according to restriction (no coverage; prior authorization; smoking cessation program requirement; no restrictions) and out-of-pocket cost for a 30-day supply (low: <US$12; medium: US$12–24.99; high: ≥US$25). The main outcome measures were utilization (defined as presence of a drug claim) and persistence (according to days’ supply and number of days to discontinuation). Generalized linear models and time-to-event analyses were conducted. Results: There were 142,251, 458,966 and 222,241 individuals in the low, medium and high out-of-pocket cohorts, respectively. The reference group for all comparisons was the cohort with no access restrictions and low out-of-pocket costs. Higher out-of-pocket cost was associated with a lower likelihood of varenicline initiation for both the prior authorization (odds ratio [OR]=0.10, p<0.001) and smoking cessation program requirement (OR=0.19, p<0.001) groups, versus the no restriction cohort. Within the no access restriction cohort, subjects in the high out-of-pocket group were half as likely to complete a varenicline course versus the low out-of-pocket group (OR=0.47; p<0.002). Conversely, for the smoking cessation program requirement cohort, compared to the low out-of-pocket no restriction cohort, subjects who were in the high out-of-pocket group were more likely to complete a varenicline course (OR=0.70; p=0.13) than those in the low out-of-pocket group (OR=0.38; p=0.04). Conclusions: Higher varenicline out-of-pocket costs were generally associated with lower utilization of and persistence with treatment. These findings have implications for coverage policies in health plans and employers seeking to encourage smoking cessation. Columbia Data Analytics, LLC 2014-08-06 /pmc/articles/PMC10471386/ /pubmed/37664085 http://dx.doi.org/10.36469/9888 Text en https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (4.0) (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
spellingShingle Other Conditions
Galaznik, Aaron
Cappell, Katherine
Montejano, Leslie
Makinson, Geoffrey
Zou, Kelly H.
Lenhart, Gregory
Impact of Out-of-pocket Costs on Varenicline Utilization and Persistence
title Impact of Out-of-pocket Costs on Varenicline Utilization and Persistence
title_full Impact of Out-of-pocket Costs on Varenicline Utilization and Persistence
title_fullStr Impact of Out-of-pocket Costs on Varenicline Utilization and Persistence
title_full_unstemmed Impact of Out-of-pocket Costs on Varenicline Utilization and Persistence
title_short Impact of Out-of-pocket Costs on Varenicline Utilization and Persistence
title_sort impact of out-of-pocket costs on varenicline utilization and persistence
topic Other Conditions
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10471386/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37664085
http://dx.doi.org/10.36469/9888
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