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Impact of vertical stratification on the 2020 spring bloom in the Yellow Sea

The Yellow Sea is one of the world’s most abundant marine resources, providing food and economic benefits to the Korean and Chinese populations. In spring 2020, a decrease in the intensity of phytoplankton bloom was observed. While one study attributed this decline to a decrease in nutrient associat...

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Autores principales: Kim, Go-Un, Lee, Jaeik, Kim, Yong Sun, Noh, Jae Hoon, Kwon, Young Shin, Lee, Howon, Lee, Meehye, Jeong, Jongmin, Hyun, Myung Jin, Won, Jongseok, Jeong, Jin-Yong
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Nature Publishing Group UK 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10471739/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37652920
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-40503-z
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author Kim, Go-Un
Lee, Jaeik
Kim, Yong Sun
Noh, Jae Hoon
Kwon, Young Shin
Lee, Howon
Lee, Meehye
Jeong, Jongmin
Hyun, Myung Jin
Won, Jongseok
Jeong, Jin-Yong
author_facet Kim, Go-Un
Lee, Jaeik
Kim, Yong Sun
Noh, Jae Hoon
Kwon, Young Shin
Lee, Howon
Lee, Meehye
Jeong, Jongmin
Hyun, Myung Jin
Won, Jongseok
Jeong, Jin-Yong
author_sort Kim, Go-Un
collection PubMed
description The Yellow Sea is one of the world’s most abundant marine resources, providing food and economic benefits to the Korean and Chinese populations. In spring 2020, a decrease in the intensity of phytoplankton bloom was observed. While one study attributed this decline to a decrease in nutrient associated with the COVID-19 pandemic, our previous research proposed weakened thermal stratification accompanied by a surface cooling anomaly as the cause. However, the relationship between the marine environment and ecosystem has not been fully elucidated. Using observations and marine physical-biogeochemical model data, we identified the weakened stratification as a critical factor for suppressing the 2020 spring bloom. Intense vertical mixing hindered the accumulation of nutrient and chlorophyll-a concentrations within the euphotic zone, resulting in a diminished phytoplankton bloom. In contrast, reduced nitrate and phosphate concentrations in 2020 were insignificant compared to those in 2017–2019, despite the notable decline in PM(2.5) in March 2020 due to COVID-19. In April 2020, nutrient levels fell within the range of interannual variability based on long-term observations, reflecting a negligible effect on the spring phytoplankton bloom. Our findings provide insight into the importance of marine physical factors on the phytoplankton biomass in the Yellow Sea.
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spelling pubmed-104717392023-09-02 Impact of vertical stratification on the 2020 spring bloom in the Yellow Sea Kim, Go-Un Lee, Jaeik Kim, Yong Sun Noh, Jae Hoon Kwon, Young Shin Lee, Howon Lee, Meehye Jeong, Jongmin Hyun, Myung Jin Won, Jongseok Jeong, Jin-Yong Sci Rep Article The Yellow Sea is one of the world’s most abundant marine resources, providing food and economic benefits to the Korean and Chinese populations. In spring 2020, a decrease in the intensity of phytoplankton bloom was observed. While one study attributed this decline to a decrease in nutrient associated with the COVID-19 pandemic, our previous research proposed weakened thermal stratification accompanied by a surface cooling anomaly as the cause. However, the relationship between the marine environment and ecosystem has not been fully elucidated. Using observations and marine physical-biogeochemical model data, we identified the weakened stratification as a critical factor for suppressing the 2020 spring bloom. Intense vertical mixing hindered the accumulation of nutrient and chlorophyll-a concentrations within the euphotic zone, resulting in a diminished phytoplankton bloom. In contrast, reduced nitrate and phosphate concentrations in 2020 were insignificant compared to those in 2017–2019, despite the notable decline in PM(2.5) in March 2020 due to COVID-19. In April 2020, nutrient levels fell within the range of interannual variability based on long-term observations, reflecting a negligible effect on the spring phytoplankton bloom. Our findings provide insight into the importance of marine physical factors on the phytoplankton biomass in the Yellow Sea. Nature Publishing Group UK 2023-08-31 /pmc/articles/PMC10471739/ /pubmed/37652920 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-40503-z Text en © The Author(s) 2023 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) .
spellingShingle Article
Kim, Go-Un
Lee, Jaeik
Kim, Yong Sun
Noh, Jae Hoon
Kwon, Young Shin
Lee, Howon
Lee, Meehye
Jeong, Jongmin
Hyun, Myung Jin
Won, Jongseok
Jeong, Jin-Yong
Impact of vertical stratification on the 2020 spring bloom in the Yellow Sea
title Impact of vertical stratification on the 2020 spring bloom in the Yellow Sea
title_full Impact of vertical stratification on the 2020 spring bloom in the Yellow Sea
title_fullStr Impact of vertical stratification on the 2020 spring bloom in the Yellow Sea
title_full_unstemmed Impact of vertical stratification on the 2020 spring bloom in the Yellow Sea
title_short Impact of vertical stratification on the 2020 spring bloom in the Yellow Sea
title_sort impact of vertical stratification on the 2020 spring bloom in the yellow sea
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10471739/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37652920
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-40503-z
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