Design and optimization of non-toxic and highly efficient tin-based organic perovskite solar cells by device simulation

An organic, lead-free, n-i-p planar perovskite solar cell (PSC) based on CH(3)NH(3)SnI(3) was demonstrated in this work using a solar cell capacitance simulator (SCAPS). A material cell design of FTO/ZnO/CH(3)NH(3)SnI(3)/Cu(2)O/Au has been investigated for this study. A detailed analysis has been performed on the role of thickness, electron affinity, doping concentration of the perovskite layer, ETL, HTL, defect density of perovskite layer and temperature on PSC performance. For optimum conditions, the energy conversion efficiency is around 26.55%, accompanied by fill factor = 85.58%, open circuit voltage = 1.03 V, short circuit current density = 30.14 mA/cm(2), and quantum efficiency of 80%–90%. This model shows the prospect of CH(3)NH(3)SnI(3) as a perovskite material to produce toxic-free environment-friendly solar cells with high efficiency.