Decellularised spinal cord matrix manipulates glial niche into repairing phase via serglycin‐mediated signalling pathway

Astrocytes are the most abundant and widespread glial cells in the central nervous system. The heterogeneity of astrocytes plays an essential role in spinal cord injury (SCI) repair. Decellularised spinal cord matrix (DSCM) is advantageous for repairing SCI, but little is known regarding the exact mechanisms and niche alterations. Here, we investigated the DSCM regulatory mechanism of glial niche in the neuro‐glial‐vascular unit using single‐cell RNA sequencing. Our single cell sequencing, molecular and biochemical experiments validated that DSCM facilitated the differentiation of neural progenitor cells through increasing the number of immature astrocytes. Upregulation of mesenchyme‐related genes, which maintained astrocyte immaturity, causing insensitivity to inflammatory stimuli. Subsequently, we identified serglycin (SRGN) as a functional component of DSCM, which involves inducing CD44–AKT signalling to trigger human spinal cord‐derived primary astrocytes (hspASCs) proliferation and upregulation of genes related to epithelial–mesenchymal transition, thus impeding astrocyte maturation. Finally, we verified that SRGN‐COLI and DSCM had similar functions in the human primary cell co‐culture system to mimic the glia niche. In conclusion, our work revealed that DSCM reverted astrocyte maturation and altered the glia niche into the repairing phase through the SRGN‐mediated signalling pathway.