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Relationship Between Gut Bacteria and Levodopa Metabolism

Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases, characterized by the reduction of dopamine neurons in the substantia nigra. Levodopa, as a dopamine supplement, is the gold-standard therapeutic drug for PD. The metabolism of levodopa in the periphery not only decre...

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Autores principales: Xu, Kaifei, Sheng, Shuo, Zhang, Feng
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Bentham Science Publishers 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10472813/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36278467
http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1570159X21666221019115716
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author Xu, Kaifei
Sheng, Shuo
Zhang, Feng
author_facet Xu, Kaifei
Sheng, Shuo
Zhang, Feng
author_sort Xu, Kaifei
collection PubMed
description Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases, characterized by the reduction of dopamine neurons in the substantia nigra. Levodopa, as a dopamine supplement, is the gold-standard therapeutic drug for PD. The metabolism of levodopa in the periphery not only decreases its bioavailability but also affects its efficacy. Thus, it is necessary to investigate how levodopa is metabolized. A growing number of studies have shown that intestinal bacteria, such as Enterococcus faecalis, Eggerthella lenta and Clostridium sporogenes, could metabolize levodopa in different ways. In addition, several pathways to reduce levodopa metabolism by gut microbiota were confirmed to improve levodopa efficacy. These pathways include aromatic amino acid decarboxylase (AADC) inhibitors, antibiotics, pH and (S)-α-fluoromethyltyrosine (AFMT). In this review, we have summarized the metabolic process of levodopa by intestinal bacteria and analyzed potential approaches to reduce the metabolism of levodopa by gut microbiota, thus improving the efficacy of levodopa.
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spelling pubmed-104728132023-11-18 Relationship Between Gut Bacteria and Levodopa Metabolism Xu, Kaifei Sheng, Shuo Zhang, Feng Curr Neuropharmacol Medicine, Neurology, Pharmacology, Neuroscience Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases, characterized by the reduction of dopamine neurons in the substantia nigra. Levodopa, as a dopamine supplement, is the gold-standard therapeutic drug for PD. The metabolism of levodopa in the periphery not only decreases its bioavailability but also affects its efficacy. Thus, it is necessary to investigate how levodopa is metabolized. A growing number of studies have shown that intestinal bacteria, such as Enterococcus faecalis, Eggerthella lenta and Clostridium sporogenes, could metabolize levodopa in different ways. In addition, several pathways to reduce levodopa metabolism by gut microbiota were confirmed to improve levodopa efficacy. These pathways include aromatic amino acid decarboxylase (AADC) inhibitors, antibiotics, pH and (S)-α-fluoromethyltyrosine (AFMT). In this review, we have summarized the metabolic process of levodopa by intestinal bacteria and analyzed potential approaches to reduce the metabolism of levodopa by gut microbiota, thus improving the efficacy of levodopa. Bentham Science Publishers 2023-05-18 2023-05-18 /pmc/articles/PMC10472813/ /pubmed/36278467 http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1570159X21666221019115716 Text en © 2023 Bentham Science Publishers https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/© 2023 The Author(s). Published by Bentham Science Publisher. This is an open access article published under CC BY 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode)
spellingShingle Medicine, Neurology, Pharmacology, Neuroscience
Xu, Kaifei
Sheng, Shuo
Zhang, Feng
Relationship Between Gut Bacteria and Levodopa Metabolism
title Relationship Between Gut Bacteria and Levodopa Metabolism
title_full Relationship Between Gut Bacteria and Levodopa Metabolism
title_fullStr Relationship Between Gut Bacteria and Levodopa Metabolism
title_full_unstemmed Relationship Between Gut Bacteria and Levodopa Metabolism
title_short Relationship Between Gut Bacteria and Levodopa Metabolism
title_sort relationship between gut bacteria and levodopa metabolism
topic Medicine, Neurology, Pharmacology, Neuroscience
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10472813/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36278467
http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1570159X21666221019115716
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